Triple
T2219668
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Hylton v. United States |
E48110
|
entity |
| Predicate | appliedProvision |
P11051
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Direct Tax Clause of the United States Constitution
The Direct Tax Clause of the United States Constitution is a provision that restricts the federal government from imposing direct taxes unless they are apportioned among the states according to population.
|
E245901
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Direct Tax Clause of the United States Constitution | Statement: [Hylton v. United States, appliedProvision, Direct Tax Clause of the United States Constitution]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Direct Tax Clause of the United States Constitution Context triple: [Hylton v. United States, appliedProvision, Direct Tax Clause of the United States Constitution]
-
A.
Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1913, authorized the federal government to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the U.S. Census.
-
B.
Taxing and Spending Clause
The Taxing and Spending Clause is a provision of the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the power to levy taxes and allocate federal funds to promote the general welfare of the United States.
-
C.
A Treatise on the Principles and Practical Influence of Taxation and the Funding System
A Treatise on the Principles and Practical Influence of Taxation and the Funding System is a 19th-century economic work by John Ramsay McCulloch that systematically analyzes taxation, public finance, and government debt and their effects on the economy.
-
D.
Revenue Act of 1913
The Revenue Act of 1913 was a landmark U.S. law that reintroduced a federal income tax and significantly lowered tariffs, reshaping the nation’s fiscal policy in the early 20th century.
-
E.
Compact Clause of the United States Constitution
The Compact Clause of the United States Constitution is the provision that restricts states from entering into agreements or compacts with other states or foreign powers without the consent of Congress.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Direct Tax Clause of the United States Constitution Triple: [Hylton v. United States, appliedProvision, Direct Tax Clause of the United States Constitution]
Generated description
The Direct Tax Clause of the United States Constitution is a provision that restricts the federal government from imposing direct taxes unless they are apportioned among the states according to population.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Direct Tax Clause of the United States Constitution Target entity description: The Direct Tax Clause of the United States Constitution is a provision that restricts the federal government from imposing direct taxes unless they are apportioned among the states according to population.
-
A.
Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1913, authorized the federal government to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the U.S. Census.
-
B.
Taxing and Spending Clause
The Taxing and Spending Clause is a provision of the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the power to levy taxes and allocate federal funds to promote the general welfare of the United States.
-
C.
A Treatise on the Principles and Practical Influence of Taxation and the Funding System
A Treatise on the Principles and Practical Influence of Taxation and the Funding System is a 19th-century economic work by John Ramsay McCulloch that systematically analyzes taxation, public finance, and government debt and their effects on the economy.
-
D.
Revenue Act of 1913
The Revenue Act of 1913 was a landmark U.S. law that reintroduced a federal income tax and significantly lowered tariffs, reshaping the nation’s fiscal policy in the early 20th century.
-
E.
Compact Clause of the United States Constitution
The Compact Clause of the United States Constitution is the provision that restricts states from entering into agreements or compacts with other states or foreign powers without the consent of Congress.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a88aa1ee708190862c8c378c41e9eb |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:40 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abc5b262488190b6455d1d28d2306d |
completed | March 7, 2026, 6:29 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ae655df21c8190aa9624f15955c565 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 6:14 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ae667dede88190b3d1f8bb8866e19e |
completed | March 9, 2026, 6:19 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ae66f12c648190a146de7b2bfdb541 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 6:21 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:46 p.m.