Triple

T18291521
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Democracy in Deficit E438124 entity
Predicate coAuthor P398 FINISHED
Object James M. Buchanan — NE NERFINISHED

Named-entity recognition

Before disambiguation, gpt-5-mini classified whether the object phrase is a named entity — the step behind the object's NE type shown above.

Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: James M. Buchanan | Statement: [Democracy in Deficit, coAuthor, James M. Buchanan]

Disambiguation candidates (1 decision)

The exact options the model was shown at each disambiguation step, with the option it chose highlighted — the evidence behind this triple's disambiguated ids.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: James M. Buchanan
Context triple: [Democracy in Deficit, coAuthor, James M. Buchanan]
  • A. James M. Buchanan chosen
    James M. Buchanan was an American economist and Nobel laureate best known for founding public choice theory, which applies economic analysis to political decision-making.
  • B. William J. Buchanan
    William J. Buchanan was an American diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Panama in the early 20th century.
  • C. William Davis
    William Davis is an American film and television producer best known as the husband of actress Anne Archer.
  • D. William Davis
    William Davis was one of the African American defendants tried alongside Dr. Ossian Sweet in the landmark 1925 Detroit case involving racial violence and self-defense.
  • E. William Davis
    William Davis was a settler who is historically remembered as one of the notable victims killed during the 1862 Indian Creek massacre in Illinois.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (2 batches)

Stage Batch ID Job type Status
creating batch_69d8b914530c8190b4474d862a2b2a1b elicitation completed
NER batch_69e501000bd881909ae64ab64219bef6 ner completed
Created at: April 10, 2026, 10:35 a.m.