Triple
T1651709
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Duchy of Apulia and Calabria |
E35706
|
entity |
| Predicate | predecessor |
P97
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Lombard principalities
The Lombard principalities were a group of early medieval states in southern Italy ruled by Lombard nobles, which played a key role in the region’s political and cultural landscape before the rise of Norman power.
|
E185852
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Lombard principalities | Statement: [Duchy of Apulia and Calabria, predecessor, Lombard principalities]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lombard principalities Context triple: [Duchy of Apulia and Calabria, predecessor, Lombard principalities]
-
A.
Duchy of Milan
The Duchy of Milan was a powerful late medieval and Renaissance state in northern Italy, centered on the city of Milan and long contested by major European powers.
-
B.
Lordship of Piombino
The Lordship of Piombino was a small feudal state on the Tuscan coast of Italy that existed in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, centered on the town and port of Piombino.
-
C.
Duchy of Ferrara
The Duchy of Ferrara was a Renaissance-era Italian state ruled by the House of Este, noted for its cultural flourishing and strategic role in the power politics of northern Italy.
-
D.
Duchy of Lucca
The Duchy of Lucca was a small 19th-century Italian state in Tuscany that briefly existed after the Napoleonic era before being absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
-
E.
Duchy of Urbino
The Duchy of Urbino was a prominent Renaissance Italian state in the Marche region, renowned as a center of art and culture under the patronage of its ruling Montefeltro and Della Rovere families.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Lombard principalities Triple: [Duchy of Apulia and Calabria, predecessor, Lombard principalities]
Generated description
The Lombard principalities were a group of early medieval states in southern Italy ruled by Lombard nobles, which played a key role in the region’s political and cultural landscape before the rise of Norman power.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lombard principalities Target entity description: The Lombard principalities were a group of early medieval states in southern Italy ruled by Lombard nobles, which played a key role in the region’s political and cultural landscape before the rise of Norman power.
-
A.
Duchy of Milan
The Duchy of Milan was a powerful late medieval and Renaissance state in northern Italy, centered on the city of Milan and long contested by major European powers.
-
B.
Lordship of Piombino
The Lordship of Piombino was a small feudal state on the Tuscan coast of Italy that existed in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, centered on the town and port of Piombino.
-
C.
Duchy of Ferrara
The Duchy of Ferrara was a Renaissance-era Italian state ruled by the House of Este, noted for its cultural flourishing and strategic role in the power politics of northern Italy.
-
D.
Duchy of Lucca
The Duchy of Lucca was a small 19th-century Italian state in Tuscany that briefly existed after the Napoleonic era before being absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
-
E.
Duchy of Urbino
The Duchy of Urbino was a prominent Renaissance Italian state in the Marche region, renowned as a center of art and culture under the patronage of its ruling Montefeltro and Della Rovere families.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a8860568888190a32cd9f70acbba42 |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a90a67c0308190a502fd9c6c0769bc |
completed | March 5, 2026, 4:45 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ad60a996508190bc227400cb7713ac |
completed | March 8, 2026, 11:42 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ad61323b308190b883c4bf2c3ca1bf |
completed | March 8, 2026, 11:44 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ad622d695481909351a9c80f8d646f |
completed | March 8, 2026, 11:49 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:29 p.m.