Lombard principalities

Target entity: Lombard principalities
Context triple: [Duchy of Apulia and Calabria, predecessor, Lombard principalities]

• A. Duchy of Milan
  The Duchy of Milan was a powerful late medieval and Renaissance state in northern Italy, centered on the city of Milan and long contested by major European powers.
• B. Lordship of Piombino
  The Lordship of Piombino was a small feudal state on the Tuscan coast of Italy that existed in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, centered on the town and port of Piombino.
• C. Duchy of Ferrara
  The Duchy of Ferrara was a Renaissance-era Italian state ruled by the House of Este, noted for its cultural flourishing and strategic role in the power politics of northern Italy.
• D. Duchy of Lucca
  The Duchy of Lucca was a small 19th-century Italian state in Tuscany that briefly existed after the Napoleonic era before being absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
• E. Duchy of Urbino
  The Duchy of Urbino was a prominent Renaissance Italian state in the Marche region, renowned as a center of art and culture under the patronage of its ruling Montefeltro and Della Rovere families.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: Lombard principalities
Target entity description: The Lombard principalities were a group of early medieval states in southern Italy ruled by Lombard nobles, which played a key role in the region’s political and cultural landscape before the rise of Norman power.

• A. Duchy of Milan
  The Duchy of Milan was a powerful late medieval and Renaissance state in northern Italy, centered on the city of Milan and long contested by major European powers.
• B. Lordship of Piombino
  The Lordship of Piombino was a small feudal state on the Tuscan coast of Italy that existed in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, centered on the town and port of Piombino.
• C. Duchy of Ferrara
  The Duchy of Ferrara was a Renaissance-era Italian state ruled by the House of Este, noted for its cultural flourishing and strategic role in the power politics of northern Italy.
• D. Duchy of Lucca
  The Duchy of Lucca was a small 19th-century Italian state in Tuscany that briefly existed after the Napoleonic era before being absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
• E. Duchy of Urbino
  The Duchy of Urbino was a prominent Renaissance Italian state in the Marche region, renowned as a center of art and culture under the patronage of its ruling Montefeltro and Della Rovere families.
• F. None of above. chosen