Triple

T16036454
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Downes v. Bidwell E388979 entity
Predicate defendant P2238 FINISHED
Object George R. Bidwell
George R. Bidwell was the U.S. customs official who served as the named defendant in the landmark 1901 Supreme Court case Downes v. Bidwell, which addressed the constitutional status of U.S. territories.
E1219619 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: George R. Bidwell | Statement: [Downes v. Bidwell, defendant, George R. Bidwell]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: George R. Bidwell
Context triple: [Downes v. Bidwell, defendant, George R. Bidwell]
  • A. Edwin B. Crocker
    Edwin B. Crocker was a 19th-century California judge, lawyer, and art collector whose personal collection and patronage led to the creation of the Crocker Art Museum in Sacramento.
  • B. Charles W. Bingham
    Charles W. Bingham was a prominent American businessman and philanthropist whose contributions to education and public institutions led to buildings such as Bingham Hall being named in his honor.
  • C. Francis P. W. Palmer
    Francis P. W. Palmer was a 19th-century American politician and newspaper publisher who served as a U.S. Representative from New York.
  • D. Augustus C. Dodge
    Augustus C. Dodge was a 19th-century American politician and U.S. senator from Iowa known for his role in westward expansion and territorial governance.
  • E. Horace W. Peaslee
    Horace W. Peaslee was an American architect best known for designing prominent public monuments and civic buildings in the early to mid-20th century.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: George R. Bidwell
Triple: [Downes v. Bidwell, defendant, George R. Bidwell]
Generated description
George R. Bidwell was the U.S. customs official who served as the named defendant in the landmark 1901 Supreme Court case Downes v. Bidwell, which addressed the constitutional status of U.S. territories.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: George R. Bidwell
Target entity description: George R. Bidwell was the U.S. customs official who served as the named defendant in the landmark 1901 Supreme Court case Downes v. Bidwell, which addressed the constitutional status of U.S. territories.
  • A. Edwin B. Crocker
    Edwin B. Crocker was a 19th-century California judge, lawyer, and art collector whose personal collection and patronage led to the creation of the Crocker Art Museum in Sacramento.
  • B. Charles W. Bingham
    Charles W. Bingham was a prominent American businessman and philanthropist whose contributions to education and public institutions led to buildings such as Bingham Hall being named in his honor.
  • C. Francis P. W. Palmer
    Francis P. W. Palmer was a 19th-century American politician and newspaper publisher who served as a U.S. Representative from New York.
  • D. Augustus C. Dodge
    Augustus C. Dodge was a 19th-century American politician and U.S. senator from Iowa known for his role in westward expansion and territorial governance.
  • E. Horace W. Peaslee
    Horace W. Peaslee was an American architect best known for designing prominent public monuments and civic buildings in the early to mid-20th century.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d86dada3808190825d5f80d72fbe88 completed April 10, 2026, 3:25 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e1833ca66881909475fac23e6fbf86 completed April 17, 2026, 12:47 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a006796bed4819085d988d7f2d7afcb completed May 10, 2026, 11:10 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a0068c141188190bedb7d71a80473f5 completed May 10, 2026, 11:15 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a0069847e2c819088426aacb899e370 completed May 10, 2026, 11:18 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 4:56 a.m.