Triple

T1263727
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Richard C. Tolman E12555 entity
Predicate notableConcept P201 FINISHED
Object Tolman–Ehrenfest effect
The Tolman–Ehrenfest effect is a relativistic thermodynamic phenomenon stating that, in a system at thermal equilibrium within a gravitational field, temperature varies with gravitational potential so that hotter regions occur deeper in the gravitational well.
E145217 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Tolman–Ehrenfest effect | Statement: [Richard C. Tolman, notableConcept, Tolman–Ehrenfest effect]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Tolman–Ehrenfest effect
Context triple: [Richard C. Tolman, notableConcept, Tolman–Ehrenfest effect]
  • A. Unruh effect
    The Unruh effect is a predicted phenomenon in quantum field theory where an accelerating observer perceives what inertial observers consider vacuum as a warm bath of particles with a characteristic temperature.
  • B. Mach principle
    Mach principle is a philosophical and physical concept proposing that local inertial properties of matter are determined by the large-scale distribution of mass and energy in the universe.
  • C. Schwarzschild–Milne equations
    The Schwarzschild–Milne equations are fundamental integro-differential equations in radiative transfer theory that describe the propagation and scattering of radiation through a plane-parallel, absorbing and emitting medium.
  • D. Lorentz
    Lorentz is a Dutch surname most famously associated with physicist Hendrik Lorentz, a pioneer of electromagnetic theory and relativity.
  • E. Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?
    "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that first articulated the mass–energy equivalence principle, commonly expressed as E = mc².
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Tolman–Ehrenfest effect
Triple: [Richard C. Tolman, notableConcept, Tolman–Ehrenfest effect]
Generated description
The Tolman–Ehrenfest effect is a relativistic thermodynamic phenomenon stating that, in a system at thermal equilibrium within a gravitational field, temperature varies with gravitational potential so that hotter regions occur deeper in the gravitational well.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Tolman–Ehrenfest effect
Target entity description: The Tolman–Ehrenfest effect is a relativistic thermodynamic phenomenon stating that, in a system at thermal equilibrium within a gravitational field, temperature varies with gravitational potential so that hotter regions occur deeper in the gravitational well.
  • A. Unruh effect
    The Unruh effect is a predicted phenomenon in quantum field theory where an accelerating observer perceives what inertial observers consider vacuum as a warm bath of particles with a characteristic temperature.
  • B. Mach principle
    Mach principle is a philosophical and physical concept proposing that local inertial properties of matter are determined by the large-scale distribution of mass and energy in the universe.
  • C. Schwarzschild–Milne equations
    The Schwarzschild–Milne equations are fundamental integro-differential equations in radiative transfer theory that describe the propagation and scattering of radiation through a plane-parallel, absorbing and emitting medium.
  • D. Lorentz
    Lorentz is a Dutch surname most famously associated with physicist Hendrik Lorentz, a pioneer of electromagnetic theory and relativity.
  • E. Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?
    "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that first articulated the mass–energy equivalence principle, commonly expressed as E = mc².
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a4933352e08190ac617291985e76c0 completed March 1, 2026, 7:27 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4bfc8d6908190a5b2cf1051cc6d5e completed March 1, 2026, 10:38 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ac9984c21c8190a1cec6c9d2df217a completed March 7, 2026, 9:32 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ac9a6c81548190a1647ef797355d53 completed March 7, 2026, 9:36 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ac9ac980f48190a23da8b222ec7601 completed March 7, 2026, 9:38 p.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:50 p.m.