Triple

T11998624
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject John F. A. Sandford E285593 entity
Predicate caseHoldingContext P31966 FINISHED
Object Dred Scott v. Sandford held that African Americans could not be citizens of the United States E54704 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Dred Scott v. Sandford held that African Americans could not be citizens of the United States | Statement: [John F. A. Sandford, caseHoldingContext, Dred Scott v. Sandford held that African Americans could not be citizens of the United States]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Dred Scott v. Sandford held that African Americans could not be citizens of the United States
Context triple: [John F. A. Sandford, caseHoldingContext, Dred Scott v. Sandford held that African Americans could not be citizens of the United States]
  • A. Dred Scott v. Sandford chosen
    Dred Scott v. Sandford was an 1857 U.S. Supreme Court decision that infamously denied citizenship and constitutional rights to African Americans and helped accelerate tensions leading to the Civil War.
  • B. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
    Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine, legitimizing Jim Crow laws for decades.
  • C. Supreme Court decision in Chisholm v. Georgia
    The Supreme Court decision in Chisholm v. Georgia (1793) was an early and controversial ruling that allowed a citizen of one state to sue another state in federal court, prompting the swift adoption of the Eleventh Amendment to limit such suits.
  • D. Prigg v. Pennsylvania
    Prigg v. Pennsylvania was an 1842 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld federal supremacy over state laws in enforcing the return of escaped enslaved people, significantly strengthening the legal force of the Fugitive Slave Clause.
  • E. The Civil Rights Cases (1883)
    The Civil Rights Cases (1883) were a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down key provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1875, severely limiting federal power to prohibit racial discrimination by private individuals and businesses.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6ab44a77c8190a652f4b27164e4ef completed April 8, 2026, 7:23 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d903c26d7881909b67a31d04882eb5 completed April 10, 2026, 2:05 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69f472917ed08190a872d9e5663d5ed5 completed May 1, 2026, 9:29 a.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:46 p.m.