Triple

T10763007
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject District Clause of the U.S. Constitution E253878 entity
Predicate citedInCase P4420 FINISHED
Object Loughborough v. Blake
Loughborough v. Blake is an 1820 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld Congress’s power to levy direct taxes on residents of the District of Columbia, affirming that the federal district could be taxed like the states.
E884682 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Loughborough v. Blake | Statement: [District Clause of the U.S. Constitution, citedInCase, Loughborough v. Blake]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Loughborough v. Blake
Context triple: [District Clause of the U.S. Constitution, citedInCase, Loughborough v. Blake]
  • A. Attorney General v Blake
    Attorney General v Blake is a landmark English contract law case that established the exceptional remedy of allowing the state to claim a defendant’s profits for breach of contract where ordinary damages are inadequate.
  • B. Walsh v Lonsdale
    Walsh v Lonsdale is an English contract and property law case that established the principle that equity regards as done that which ought to be done, allowing equitable leases to be treated as if they were legal leases.
  • C. Lucas v. Earl
    Lucas v. Earl is a landmark 1930 U.S. Supreme Court tax law case that established the principle that income is taxed to the person who earns it, regardless of contractual arrangements to split or assign that income.
  • D. Ray v. Blair
    Ray v. Blair is a 1952 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld a state's authority to require presidential electors to pledge support for their party's nominees as a condition of appointment.
  • E. Lau v. Nichols
    Lau v. Nichols is a landmark 1974 U.S. Supreme Court case that held public schools must take affirmative steps to help non-English-speaking students overcome language barriers to ensure equal educational opportunity under federal civil rights law.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Loughborough v. Blake
Triple: [District Clause of the U.S. Constitution, citedInCase, Loughborough v. Blake]
Generated description
Loughborough v. Blake is an 1820 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld Congress’s power to levy direct taxes on residents of the District of Columbia, affirming that the federal district could be taxed like the states.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Loughborough v. Blake
Target entity description: Loughborough v. Blake is an 1820 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld Congress’s power to levy direct taxes on residents of the District of Columbia, affirming that the federal district could be taxed like the states.
  • A. Attorney General v Blake
    Attorney General v Blake is a landmark English contract law case that established the exceptional remedy of allowing the state to claim a defendant’s profits for breach of contract where ordinary damages are inadequate.
  • B. Walsh v Lonsdale
    Walsh v Lonsdale is an English contract and property law case that established the principle that equity regards as done that which ought to be done, allowing equitable leases to be treated as if they were legal leases.
  • C. Lucas v. Earl
    Lucas v. Earl is a landmark 1930 U.S. Supreme Court tax law case that established the principle that income is taxed to the person who earns it, regardless of contractual arrangements to split or assign that income.
  • D. Ray v. Blair
    Ray v. Blair is a 1952 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld a state's authority to require presidential electors to pledge support for their party's nominees as a condition of appointment.
  • E. Lau v. Nichols
    Lau v. Nichols is a landmark 1974 U.S. Supreme Court case that held public schools must take affirmative steps to help non-English-speaking students overcome language barriers to ensure equal educational opportunity under federal civil rights law.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aa5f54f4819082d0bbcb6f8797e6 completed April 8, 2026, 7:19 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d731a373708190ae5ac0c027a4014c completed April 9, 2026, 4:57 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69de2351db9c8190983ac834ea069fb4 completed April 14, 2026, 11:21 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69de271ee56c81908d2f690f31c2d2db completed April 14, 2026, 11:38 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69de2dff4a048190823c8b5f1f7ea548 completed April 14, 2026, 12:07 p.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:16 p.m.