Triple

Target entity: London equations
Context triple: [London theory of superconductivity, basedOn, London equations]

• A. London equations chosen
  The London equations are fundamental relations in superconductivity that describe how magnetic fields behave inside superconductors, capturing key features like the Meissner effect and zero electrical resistance.
• B. Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity
  The Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity is a phenomenological framework that describes superconductors using a complex order parameter and macroscopic equations to capture phase transitions, coherence length, and magnetic behavior.
• C. Lifshitz–Kosevich formula
  The Lifshitz–Kosevich formula is a key theoretical expression in solid-state physics that describes how the amplitude of quantum oscillations in metals depends on temperature, magnetic field, and electronic properties.
• D. Bardeen–Stephen model of flux flow in superconductors
  The Bardeen–Stephen model of flux flow in superconductors is a theoretical framework that describes how magnetic vortices move and dissipate energy in type-II superconductors under applied currents and fields.
• E. Maxwell's equations
  Maxwell's equations are the fundamental set of four equations in classical electromagnetism that describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated and interact with charges and currents.
• F. None of above.
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.