van der Waals equation of state
E926078
The van der Waals equation of state is a thermodynamic equation that improves on the ideal gas law by accounting for the finite size of molecules and the intermolecular forces between them.
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
equation of state
ⓘ
real gas model ⓘ thermodynamic model ⓘ |
| accountsFor |
finite molecular size
ⓘ
intermolecular forces ⓘ |
| applicableTo | real gases ⓘ |
| associatedWith | van der Waals forces NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| assumes |
hard-core repulsion modeled by excluded volume
ⓘ
pairwise additive intermolecular attractions ⓘ |
| category | equations named after people ⓘ |
| contributedTo | award of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physics to van der Waals ⓘ |
| field |
chemical engineering
ⓘ
physical chemistry ⓘ statistical mechanics ⓘ thermodynamics ⓘ |
| hasDimensionlessForm | reduced van der Waals equation NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasLimitation |
assumes spherical molecules
ⓘ
limited accuracy at high pressures ⓘ quantitative inaccuracy near phase transitions ⓘ |
| hasVariable |
amount of substance
ⓘ
molar volume ⓘ pressure ⓘ temperature ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance | first simple equation of state to incorporate molecular size and attractions ⓘ |
| improvesOn | ideal gas law NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| includesParameter |
a
ⓘ
b ⓘ |
| inspired |
Peng–Robinson equation of state
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Redlich–Kwong equation of state ⓘ Soave–Redlich–Kwong equation of state NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| introducedBy | Johannes Diderik van der Waals NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| introducedIn | 19th century ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Johannes Diderik van der Waals NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| parameterRepresents |
a; measure of attractive intermolecular forces
ⓘ
b; effective excluded volume per mole ⓘ |
| predicts |
critical point
ⓘ
liquid–vapor coexistence qualitatively ⓘ non-ideal pressure–volume–temperature behavior ⓘ |
| reducesTo | ideal gas law at low pressure and high temperature ⓘ |
| relatedTo | cubic equations of state ⓘ |
| supportsConcept | law of corresponding states ⓘ |
| symbolicForm |
(P + a(n/V)^2)(V - nb) = nRT
ⓘ
(P + a/V_m^2)(V_m - b) = RT ⓘ |
| usedFor |
estimating critical constants
ⓘ
teaching basic concepts of real gas behavior ⓘ |
| usedIn |
critical phenomena studies
ⓘ
introductory thermodynamics textbooks ⓘ phase diagram analysis ⓘ |
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.