Caral
E92479
Caral is an ancient pre-Columbian city in Peru, considered one of the oldest urban centers in the Americas and a key site of the Norte Chico civilization.
All labels observed (7)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Caral canonical | 6 |
| Caral, Peru | 2 |
| Caral civilization | 1 |
| Caral-Supe | 1 |
| Caral-Supe civilization | 1 |
| Norte Chico civilization | 1 |
| Norte Chico culture | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T723303 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Caral Context triple: [Lima Region, containsArchaeologicalSite, Caral]
-
A.
Norte Chico of Chile
Norte Chico of Chile is a semi-arid, sparsely populated region in north-central Chile known for its valleys, agriculture, and transitional landscape between the Atacama Desert and the country’s more fertile central zone.
-
B.
Chavín culture
The Chavín culture was an early, influential pre-Columbian civilization in the northern Andean highlands of Peru, known for its monumental religious centers, distinctive stone carvings, and role as a major cultural precursor in Andean history.
-
C.
Moche culture
The Moche culture was an influential pre-Columbian civilization on Peru’s northern coast, renowned for its sophisticated irrigation systems, monumental adobe pyramids, and highly detailed ceramics depicting daily life, warfare, and ritual.
-
D.
Wari Empire
The Wari Empire was a major Andean civilization that flourished in present-day Peru between roughly 600 and 1000 CE, known for its expansive territorial control, administrative innovations, and influence on later Inca statecraft.
-
E.
Paracas culture
The Paracas culture was an ancient Andean civilization on Peru’s south coast, noted for its elaborate textiles, advanced cranial surgery practices, and distinctive funerary traditions.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Caral Target entity description: Caral is an ancient pre-Columbian city in Peru, considered one of the oldest urban centers in the Americas and a key site of the Norte Chico civilization.
-
A.
Norte Chico of Chile
Norte Chico of Chile is a semi-arid, sparsely populated region in north-central Chile known for its valleys, agriculture, and transitional landscape between the Atacama Desert and the country’s more fertile central zone.
-
B.
Chavín culture
The Chavín culture was an early, influential pre-Columbian civilization in the northern Andean highlands of Peru, known for its monumental religious centers, distinctive stone carvings, and role as a major cultural precursor in Andean history.
-
C.
Moche culture
The Moche culture was an influential pre-Columbian civilization on Peru’s northern coast, renowned for its sophisticated irrigation systems, monumental adobe pyramids, and highly detailed ceramics depicting daily life, warfare, and ritual.
-
D.
Wari Empire
The Wari Empire was a major Andean civilization that flourished in present-day Peru between roughly 600 and 1000 CE, known for its expansive territorial control, administrative innovations, and influence on later Inca statecraft.
-
E.
Paracas culture
The Paracas culture was an ancient Andean civilization on Peru’s south coast, noted for its elaborate textiles, advanced cranial surgery practices, and distinctive funerary traditions.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
World Heritage Site
ⓘ
ancient city ⓘ archaeological site ⓘ pre-Columbian city ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Sacred City of Caral-Supe
ⓘ
surface form:
Ciudad Sagrada de Caral-Supe
Sacred City of Caral-Supe ⓘ |
| altitude | about 350 m above sea level ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
development of complex society in the Andes
ⓘ
early Andean civilization ⓘ |
| continent | South America ⓘ |
| country | Peru ⓘ |
| culture |
Caral
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Norte Chico culture
|
| discoveredBy | archaeologist Ruth Shady ⓘ |
| distanceFromLima | about 200 km north of Lima ⓘ |
| economyBasedOn |
agriculture
ⓘ
fishing ⓘ |
| estimatedFoundingDate |
c. 2600 BCE
ⓘ
late 3rd millennium BCE ⓘ |
| excavatedBy | Ruth Shady ⓘ |
| hasFeature |
monumental architecture
ⓘ
platform mounds ⓘ pyramidal structures ⓘ quipo-like artifacts ⓘ residential complexes ⓘ stairways ⓘ stone and earthen constructions ⓘ sunken circular plazas ⓘ |
| hasNoEvidenceOf |
fortifications
ⓘ
large-scale warfare ⓘ |
| heritageDesignation | UNESCO World Heritage Site ⓘ |
| locatedIn |
Oyón Province
ⓘ
surface form:
Barranca Province
Lima Region ⓘ Peruvian coastal desert ⓘ Supe Valley ⓘ |
| locatedInTimeZone | UTC−05:00 ⓘ |
| locatedNear | Supe River ⓘ |
| mainCrops |
beans
ⓘ
cotton ⓘ gourds ⓘ squash ⓘ |
| partOf |
Caral
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Norte Chico civilization
|
| periodOfFlourishing | c. 2600–2000 BCE ⓘ |
| significance |
earliest known city in the Americas
ⓘ
one of the oldest urban centers in the Americas ⓘ |
| UNESCOWorldHeritageCriteria |
(ii)
ⓘ
(iii) ⓘ (iv) ⓘ |
| UNESCOWorldHeritageListingYear | 2009 ⓘ |
| UNESCOWorldHeritageSiteId | 1459 ⓘ |
| UNESCOWorldHeritageSiteName | Sacred City of Caral-Supe ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Caral Description of subject: Caral is an ancient pre-Columbian city in Peru, considered one of the oldest urban centers in the Americas and a key site of the Norte Chico civilization.
Referenced by (13)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Norte Chico civilization
this entity surface form:
Caral-Supe civilization
this entity surface form:
Caral-Supe
subject surface form:
Ruth Shady
this entity surface form:
Caral, Peru
this entity surface form:
Caral, Peru
this entity surface form:
Caral civilization