Ilocano language

E9002

Austronesian language Malayo-Polynesian language Philippine language

The Ilocano language is an Austronesian language widely spoken in northern Luzon and by migrant communities across the Philippines and abroad.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Disambiguation Statements Elicitation Referenced by

All labels observed (6)

Label	Occurrences
Ilocano	77
Ilocano language canonical	36
Ilokano	2
Abagatan Ilocano	1
Amianan Ilocano	1
Ilokano language	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T59619 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Ilocano language
Context triple: [Filipino, majorLanguage, Ilocano language]

A. Tagalog
Tagalog is an Austronesian language primarily spoken in the Philippines and serves as the basis for the country’s national language, Filipino.
B. Cebuano language
The Cebuano language is an Austronesian language widely spoken in the southern Philippines, particularly in the Visayas and parts of Mindanao.
C. Filipino
Filipinos are a Southeast Asian ethnolinguistic group native to the Philippines, known for their diverse Austronesian, Spanish, American, and Chinese cultural influences and a global diaspora.
D. Chamorro
Chamorro is an Austronesian language spoken by the indigenous Chamorro people of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands.
E. Baybayin
Baybayin is an ancient pre-colonial Philippine script used to write several native languages before the widespread adoption of the Latin alphabet.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Ilocano language
Target entity description: The Ilocano language is an Austronesian language widely spoken in northern Luzon and by migrant communities across the Philippines and abroad.

A. Tagalog
Tagalog is an Austronesian language primarily spoken in the Philippines and serves as the basis for the country’s national language, Filipino.
B. Cebuano language
The Cebuano language is an Austronesian language widely spoken in the southern Philippines, particularly in the Visayas and parts of Mindanao.
C. Filipino
Filipinos are a Southeast Asian ethnolinguistic group native to the Philippines, known for their diverse Austronesian, Spanish, American, and Chinese cultural influences and a global diaspora.
D. Chamorro
Chamorro is an Austronesian language spoken by the indigenous Chamorro people of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands.
E. Baybayin
Baybayin is an ancient pre-colonial Philippine script used to write several native languages before the widespread adoption of the Latin alphabet.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (50)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Austronesian language ⓘ Malayo-Polynesian language ⓘ Philippine language ⓘ
closelyRelatedTo	Ibanag language ⓘ Pangasinan language ⓘ
ethnicGroup	Ilocano people ⓘ
hasDialects	Ilocano language self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Abagatan Ilocano Ilocano language self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Amianan Ilocano
hasGrammaticalFeature	ergative–absolutive alignment tendencies ⓘ focus/voice system ⓘ inclusive–exclusive distinction in first person plural pronouns ⓘ rich demonstrative system ⓘ
hasLiterature	oral literature tradition ⓘ written literature including poetry and novels ⓘ
hasPhonologicalFeature	contrastive vowel length ⓘ geminate consonants ⓘ
hasStandardForm	Standard Ilocano based on Laoag and Vigan varieties ⓘ
hasWordOrder	SVO ⓘ VOS ⓘ VSO ⓘ
ISO639-1Code	ilo ⓘ
ISO639-2Code	ilo ⓘ
ISO639-3Code	ilo ⓘ
languageFamily	Austronesian languages ⓘ Malayo-Polynesian languages ⓘ Northern Luzon languages ⓘ
lexicalInfluenceFrom	English language ⓘ Spanish ⓘ surface form: Spanish language Tagalog ⓘ surface form: Tagalog language
nativeName	Ilocano language self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Ilokano Pagsasao nga Ilokano ⓘ
numberOfSpeakersEstimate	over 10 million total speakers ⓘ over 8 million native speakers ⓘ
primaryCountry	Philippines ⓘ
recognizedAs	regional language in the Philippines ⓘ
region	Cagayan Valley ⓘ Central Luzon ⓘ Cordillera Administrative Region ⓘ Ilocos Region ⓘ Luzon ⓘ surface form: Northern Luzon
spokenIn	Canada ⓘ Hawaii ⓘ Metro Manila ⓘ Mindanao ⓘ Philippines ⓘ United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
subfamilyOf	Northern Luzon languages ⓘ
usedAs	regional lingua franca in Northern Luzon ⓘ
usedInEducation	mother tongue-based multilingual education in the Philippines ⓘ
writingSystem	Latin script ⓘ

How these facts were elicited