Paleogene
E8880
The Paleogene is a geologic period that marks the beginning of the Cenozoic Era, characterized by the diversification of mammals and birds following the mass extinction that ended the age of dinosaurs.
All labels observed (12)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Paleogene canonical | 20 |
| Paleogene Period | 13 |
| Eocene | 6 |
| Paleogene System | 3 |
| Paleogene period | 3 |
| Eocene Epoch | 2 |
| Paleocene | 2 |
| Oligocene Epoch | 1 |
| Palaeogene | 1 |
| Paleocene Epoch | 1 |
| Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum | 1 |
| PaleogenePeriod | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T72227 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Paleogene Context triple: [Cretaceous, followedBy, Paleogene]
-
A.
Pliocene epoch
The Pliocene epoch was a geological time period roughly 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago marked by cooler global climates, the expansion of grasslands, and significant evolutionary developments among mammals and early hominins.
-
B.
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous was the final period of the Mesozoic Era, marked by high sea levels, diverse dinosaurs, and ending with the mass extinction that wiped them out about 66 million years ago.
-
C.
Mesozoic Era
The Mesozoic Era was a major geological era, often called the "Age of Reptiles," during which dinosaurs dominated the land and the supercontinent Pangaea broke apart into modern continents.
-
D.
Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
The Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary marks the geological transition 66 million years ago associated with a mass extinction event that wiped out non-avian dinosaurs and many other species, likely triggered by a large asteroid impact.
-
E.
Proterozoic Eon
The Proterozoic Eon is a major division of Precambrian time, spanning from about 2.5 billion to 541 million years ago, marked by the buildup of atmospheric oxygen, the emergence of complex single-celled and early multicellular life, and the assembly of large continental landmasses.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Paleogene Target entity description: The Paleogene is a geologic period that marks the beginning of the Cenozoic Era, characterized by the diversification of mammals and birds following the mass extinction that ended the age of dinosaurs.
-
A.
Pliocene epoch
The Pliocene epoch was a geological time period roughly 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago marked by cooler global climates, the expansion of grasslands, and significant evolutionary developments among mammals and early hominins.
-
B.
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous was the final period of the Mesozoic Era, marked by high sea levels, diverse dinosaurs, and ending with the mass extinction that wiped them out about 66 million years ago.
-
C.
Mesozoic Era
The Mesozoic Era was a major geological era, often called the "Age of Reptiles," during which dinosaurs dominated the land and the supercontinent Pangaea broke apart into modern continents.
-
D.
Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
The Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary marks the geological transition 66 million years ago associated with a mass extinction event that wiped out non-avian dinosaurs and many other species, likely triggered by a large asteroid impact.
-
E.
Proterozoic Eon
The Proterozoic Eon is a major division of Precambrian time, spanning from about 2.5 billion to 541 million years ago, marked by the buildup of atmospheric oxygen, the emergence of complex single-celled and early multicellular life, and the assembly of large continental landmasses.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (37)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
chronostratigraphic unit
ⓘ
geologic period ⓘ |
| abbreviation | Pg ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Paleogene
ⓘ
surface form:
Paleogene Period
|
| beginsAfter |
Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
ⓘ
surface form:
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
|
| characterizedBy |
cooling trend toward the Oligocene
ⓘ
development of modern plant groups ⓘ diversification of birds ⓘ diversification of mammals ⓘ recovery of ecosystems after mass extinction ⓘ warm global climates in early Paleogene ⓘ |
| contains |
Eocene–Oligocene climate transition
ⓘ
Paleogene self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
|
| duration | about 43 million years ⓘ |
| end | 23.03 million years ago ⓘ |
| era | Cenozoic ⓘ |
| follows | Cretaceous ⓘ |
| geologicTimeScaleRank | period ⓘ |
| majorBirdGroups | modern bird lineages ⓘ |
| majorFlora |
angiosperms
ⓘ
grasses (late Paleogene expansion) ⓘ |
| majorMammalGroups |
carnivorans
ⓘ
early cetaceans ⓘ primates ⓘ ungulates ⓘ |
| marineLife |
evolution of early whales
ⓘ
radiation of modern fish groups ⓘ |
| partOf |
Cenozoic
ⓘ
surface form:
Cenozoic Era
|
| positionInEra | first period of the Cenozoic ⓘ |
| precedes | Neogene ⓘ |
| start | 66 million years ago ⓘ |
| subdividedInto |
Paleogene
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Eocene
Oligocene ⓘ Paleogene self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
Paleocene
|
| tectonicEvents |
continued breakup of Gondwana
ⓘ
uplift of the Alps and Himalayas (ongoing) ⓘ |
| usedIn | International Commission on Stratigraphy time scale ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Paleogene Description of subject: The Paleogene is a geologic period that marks the beginning of the Cenozoic Era, characterized by the diversification of mammals and birds following the mass extinction that ended the age of dinosaurs.
Referenced by (54)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Paleogene System
this entity surface form:
Paleogene System
this entity surface form:
Paleogene Period