London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol
E869088
The London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol is a 1990 international agreement that significantly strengthened global controls on ozone-depleting substances by expanding the list of regulated chemicals and accelerating phase-out schedules.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10508012 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol Context triple: [Copenhagen Amendment, follows, London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol]
-
A.
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is a landmark international environmental treaty that phases out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances to protect the Earth's stratospheric ozone layer.
-
B.
Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
The Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol is the main decision-making body where countries regularly convene to review implementation, adopt adjustments and amendments, and guide global action to protect the ozone layer.
-
C.
Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol
The Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol is a financial mechanism that assists developing countries in meeting their obligations to phase out ozone-depleting substances under the Montreal Protocol.
-
D.
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is a 1985 international environmental treaty that established a global framework for cooperation to protect the stratospheric ozone layer, underpinning later agreements to control ozone-depleting substances.
-
E.
Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol
The Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol is an international climate agreement that extends and strengthens countries’ legally binding greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments for a second commitment period under the UN climate regime.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol Target entity description: The London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol is a 1990 international agreement that significantly strengthened global controls on ozone-depleting substances by expanding the list of regulated chemicals and accelerating phase-out schedules.
-
A.
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is a landmark international environmental treaty that phases out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances to protect the Earth's stratospheric ozone layer.
-
B.
Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
The Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol is the main decision-making body where countries regularly convene to review implementation, adopt adjustments and amendments, and guide global action to protect the ozone layer.
-
C.
Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol
The Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol is a financial mechanism that assists developing countries in meeting their obligations to phase out ozone-depleting substances under the Montreal Protocol.
-
D.
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is a 1985 international environmental treaty that established a global framework for cooperation to protect the stratospheric ozone layer, underpinning later agreements to control ozone-depleting substances.
-
E.
Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol
The Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol is an international climate agreement that extends and strengthens countries’ legally binding greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments for a second commitment period under the UN climate regime.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
international environmental agreement
ⓘ
treaty amendment ⓘ |
| adoptedAt | London NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| adoptedBy | Parties to the Montreal Protocol NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| adoptedOn | 1990-06-29 ⓘ |
| adoptionMethod | consensus of Parties ⓘ |
| aimsTo |
protect the stratospheric ozone layer
ⓘ
reduce emissions of ozone-depleting substances ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | London Amendment NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| category |
multilateral environmental agreement
ⓘ
ozone protection agreement ⓘ |
| enteredIntoForceOn | 1992-08-10 ⓘ |
| environmentalIssue | stratospheric ozone depletion ⓘ |
| expandsControlListOf | ozone-depleting substances ⓘ |
| follows | original 1987 Montreal Protocol NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| geographicalScope | global ⓘ |
| hasEffectOn |
consumption of ozone-depleting substances
ⓘ
production of ozone-depleting substances ⓘ |
| language |
Arabic
ⓘ
Chinese ⓘ English ⓘ French ⓘ Russian ⓘ Spanish ⓘ |
| legalStatus | binding on Parties that have ratified it ⓘ |
| motivatedBy | scientific evidence of ozone layer depletion ⓘ |
| negotiatedUnder | United Nations Environment Programme NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| partOf | Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| precedes | Copenhagen Amendment to the Montreal Protocol NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| purpose |
to accelerate phase-out schedules for certain ozone-depleting substances
ⓘ
to expand the list of controlled ozone-depleting substances ⓘ to strengthen global controls on ozone-depleting substances ⓘ |
| regulates |
carbon tetrachloride
ⓘ
chlorofluorocarbons ⓘ halons ⓘ methyl chloroform ⓘ |
| relatedTo | Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| requires |
phase-out of additional ozone-depleting chemicals
ⓘ
ratification by Parties to enter into force for them ⓘ |
| sets |
tighter consumption limits for certain ozone-depleting substances
ⓘ
tighter production limits for certain ozone-depleting substances ⓘ |
| strengthens | control measures under the Montreal Protocol ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
control of ozone-depleting substances
ⓘ
ozone layer protection ⓘ |
| typeOfControl |
phase-out schedules
ⓘ
production and consumption caps ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol Description of subject: The London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol is a 1990 international agreement that significantly strengthened global controls on ozone-depleting substances by expanding the list of regulated chemicals and accelerating phase-out schedules.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.