Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment
E851134
The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment was a landmark 1970s policing study that tested the impact of varying levels of routine police patrol on crime, fear of crime, and public satisfaction, ultimately challenging assumptions about the effectiveness of visible patrol.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10227323 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment Context triple: [George L. Kelling, workedOn, Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment]
-
A.
Varieties of Police Behavior
Varieties of Police Behavior is a seminal work of criminology and public administration that analyzes how different organizational styles shape the everyday practices and decision-making of American police departments.
-
B.
Peelian principles of policing
The Peelian principles of policing are a set of foundational guidelines for modern law enforcement that emphasize crime prevention, public cooperation, and the idea that police legitimacy depends on maintaining the trust and consent of the community.
-
C.
Report on the Causes of Crime
Report on the Causes of Crime is a major analytical study produced by the Wickersham Commission that examined the underlying social, economic, and legal factors contributing to criminal behavior in the United States.
-
D.
Report on Lawlessness in Law Enforcement
The Report on Lawlessness in Law Enforcement is a landmark 1931 Wickersham Commission study that exposed widespread police misconduct and abuses in the United States, particularly in the enforcement of Prohibition laws.
-
E.
"Crime: Its Cause and Treatment"
"Crime: Its Cause and Treatment" is a 1922 non-fiction work by American lawyer Clarence Darrow that examines the social, economic, and psychological roots of criminal behavior and critiques traditional approaches to punishment.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment Target entity description: The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment was a landmark 1970s policing study that tested the impact of varying levels of routine police patrol on crime, fear of crime, and public satisfaction, ultimately challenging assumptions about the effectiveness of visible patrol.
-
A.
Varieties of Police Behavior
Varieties of Police Behavior is a seminal work of criminology and public administration that analyzes how different organizational styles shape the everyday practices and decision-making of American police departments.
-
B.
Peelian principles of policing
The Peelian principles of policing are a set of foundational guidelines for modern law enforcement that emphasize crime prevention, public cooperation, and the idea that police legitimacy depends on maintaining the trust and consent of the community.
-
C.
Report on the Causes of Crime
Report on the Causes of Crime is a major analytical study produced by the Wickersham Commission that examined the underlying social, economic, and legal factors contributing to criminal behavior in the United States.
-
D.
Report on Lawlessness in Law Enforcement
The Report on Lawlessness in Law Enforcement is a landmark 1931 Wickersham Commission study that exposed widespread police misconduct and abuses in the United States, particularly in the enforcement of Prohibition laws.
-
E.
"Crime: Its Cause and Treatment"
"Crime: Its Cause and Treatment" is a 1922 non-fiction work by American lawyer Clarence Darrow that examines the social, economic, and psychological roots of criminal behavior and critiques traditional approaches to punishment.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
criminal justice research project
ⓘ
field experiment ⓘ policing study ⓘ |
| aim |
to examine the relationship between patrol levels and citizen fear of crime
ⓘ
to examine the relationship between patrol levels and public attitudes toward police ⓘ to test the effectiveness of visible police patrol in preventing crime ⓘ |
| challenged | traditional assumptions about deterrent effect of random patrol ⓘ |
| city | Kansas City, Missouri NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| conductedBy |
Kansas City Police Department
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Police Foundation NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| endTime | 1973 ⓘ |
| field |
criminal justice
ⓘ
criminology ⓘ policing ⓘ |
| finding |
citizens did not notice differences in patrol levels across areas
ⓘ
variations in routine preventive patrol had no significant effect on citizen satisfaction with police ⓘ variations in routine preventive patrol had no significant effect on fear of crime ⓘ variations in routine preventive patrol had no significant effect on reported crime ⓘ variations in routine preventive patrol had no significant effect on victimization ⓘ |
| hasPart |
normal patrol condition
ⓘ
proactive patrol condition ⓘ reactive patrol condition ⓘ |
| impact |
prompted reexamination of police resource allocation
ⓘ
supported shift from random patrol to targeted strategies ⓘ |
| influenced |
community policing
ⓘ
evidence-based policing ⓘ problem-oriented policing NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| locationType | urban patrol beats ⓘ |
| mainSubject |
crime rates
ⓘ
fear of crime ⓘ police visibility ⓘ preventive patrol ⓘ public satisfaction with police ⓘ |
| publication | The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment: A Summary Report NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| publicationYear | 1974 ⓘ |
| researchDesign | randomized allocation of patrol levels to beats ⓘ |
| startTime | 1972 ⓘ |
| testedHypothesis |
increased routine preventive patrol improves public satisfaction with police
ⓘ
increased routine preventive patrol reduces crime ⓘ increased routine preventive patrol reduces fear of crime ⓘ |
| timePeriod | 1970s ⓘ |
| usedMethod |
attitude surveys
ⓘ
systematic crime data analysis ⓘ systematic observation of patrol ⓘ victimization surveys ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment Description of subject: The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment was a landmark 1970s policing study that tested the impact of varying levels of routine police patrol on crime, fear of crime, and public satisfaction, ultimately challenging assumptions about the effectiveness of visible patrol.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.