tumor necrosis factor alpha
E850005
Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune regulation and inflammation, playing a key role in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Observed surface forms (1)
| Surface form | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| TNF-alpha | 1 |
Statements (85)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
cytokine
ⓘ
pro-inflammatory cytokine ⓘ protein ⓘ |
| actsOn |
TNF receptor 1
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
TNF receptor 2 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
TNF
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
TNF-alpha NERFINISHED ⓘ TNFα NERFINISHED ⓘ cachectin NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| associatedWithDisease |
Crohn's disease
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
ankylosing spondylitis ⓘ atherosclerosis ⓘ cachexia ⓘ heart failure ⓘ inflammatory bowel disease ⓘ insulin resistance in obesity ⓘ psoriasis ⓘ psoriatic arthritis ⓘ rheumatoid arthritis NERFINISHED ⓘ sarcoidosis ⓘ septic shock ⓘ systemic lupus erythematosus NERFINISHED ⓘ ulcerative colitis ⓘ |
| chromosomalLocation | 6p21.33 ⓘ |
| cleavedBy |
ADAM17
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
TACE NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| discoveredBy | Lloyd J. Old NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| downregulatedBy |
IL-10
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
glucocorticoid ⓘ |
| encodedBy | TNF gene NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasBiologicalProcess |
JNK cascade
ⓘ
NF-kappaB signaling pathway ⓘ acute phase response ⓘ apoptotic process ⓘ cell proliferation regulation ⓘ fever induction ⓘ immune response ⓘ inflammatory response ⓘ necroptotic signaling pathway ⓘ |
| hasMolecularFunction |
cytokine activity
ⓘ
receptor binding ⓘ |
| hasPosttranslationalModification |
disulfide bond formation
ⓘ
glycosylation ⓘ |
| induces |
apoptosis
ⓘ
endothelial adhesion molecule expression ⓘ inflammatory cytokine production ⓘ insulin resistance ⓘ necroptosis ⓘ |
| length | 233 amino acids (human precursor) ⓘ |
| localization |
plasma membrane
ⓘ
secreted ⓘ |
| matureFormLength | 157 amino acids (soluble form) ⓘ |
| memberOf |
TNF ligand family
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
TNF superfamily NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| organism | Homo sapiens NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| pathway |
MAPK signaling pathway
ⓘ
NF-kappaB signaling pathway NERFINISHED ⓘ TNF signaling pathway ⓘ apoptosis pathway ⓘ |
| processedTo | soluble cytokine ⓘ |
| producedAs | type II transmembrane protein ⓘ |
| receptorFor |
TNFRSF1A
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
TNFRSF1B NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| roleIn |
granuloma formation
ⓘ
host defense against infection ⓘ tumor surveillance ⓘ |
| secretedBy |
NK cell
ⓘ
T cell NERFINISHED ⓘ dendritic cell ⓘ endothelial cell ⓘ fibroblast ⓘ macrophage ⓘ monocyte ⓘ |
| structure | homotrimer ⓘ |
| taxon | human ⓘ |
| therapeuticTargetOf |
adalimumab
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
certolizumab pegol NERFINISHED ⓘ etanercept NERFINISHED ⓘ golimumab NERFINISHED ⓘ infliximab NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| uniprotId | P01375 ⓘ |
| upregulatedBy |
interleukin-1 beta
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
lipopolysaccharide ⓘ pathogen-associated molecular patterns ⓘ |
| yearOfDiscovery | 1975 ⓘ |
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.