tumor necrosis factor alpha
E850005
Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune regulation and inflammation, playing a key role in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| tumor necrosis factor alpha canonical | 4 |
| TNF-alpha | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10214557 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: tumor necrosis factor alpha Context triple: [Inflectra, targets, tumor necrosis factor alpha]
-
A.
TNF
TNF is a weekly National Football League (NFL) primetime broadcast package featuring games played on Thursday nights during the regular season.
-
B.
IL-17A
IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by Th17 cells that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
-
C.
IL-64
IL-64 is a major east–west state highway in Illinois that runs from the Mississippi River through the Chicago metropolitan area.
-
D.
IN-2
IN-2 is the standard postal-style abbreviation used to refer to Indiana's 2nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives.
-
E.
programmed cell death protein 1
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor on T cells that downregulates immune responses and promotes self-tolerance, making it a key target in cancer immunotherapy.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: tumor necrosis factor alpha Target entity description: Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune regulation and inflammation, playing a key role in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
-
A.
TNF
TNF is a weekly National Football League (NFL) primetime broadcast package featuring games played on Thursday nights during the regular season.
-
B.
IL-17A
IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by Th17 cells that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
-
C.
IL-64
IL-64 is a major east–west state highway in Illinois that runs from the Mississippi River through the Chicago metropolitan area.
-
D.
IN-2
IN-2 is the standard postal-style abbreviation used to refer to Indiana's 2nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives.
-
E.
programmed cell death protein 1
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor on T cells that downregulates immune responses and promotes self-tolerance, making it a key target in cancer immunotherapy.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (85)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
cytokine
ⓘ
pro-inflammatory cytokine ⓘ protein ⓘ |
| actsOn |
TNF receptor 1
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
TNF receptor 2 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
TNF
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
TNF-alpha NERFINISHED ⓘ TNFα NERFINISHED ⓘ cachectin NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| associatedWithDisease |
Crohn's disease
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
ankylosing spondylitis ⓘ atherosclerosis ⓘ cachexia ⓘ heart failure ⓘ inflammatory bowel disease ⓘ insulin resistance in obesity ⓘ psoriasis ⓘ psoriatic arthritis ⓘ rheumatoid arthritis NERFINISHED ⓘ sarcoidosis ⓘ septic shock ⓘ systemic lupus erythematosus NERFINISHED ⓘ ulcerative colitis ⓘ |
| chromosomalLocation | 6p21.33 ⓘ |
| cleavedBy |
ADAM17
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
TACE NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| discoveredBy | Lloyd J. Old NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| downregulatedBy |
IL-10
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
glucocorticoid ⓘ |
| encodedBy | TNF gene NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasBiologicalProcess |
JNK cascade
ⓘ
NF-kappaB signaling pathway ⓘ acute phase response ⓘ apoptotic process ⓘ cell proliferation regulation ⓘ fever induction ⓘ immune response ⓘ inflammatory response ⓘ necroptotic signaling pathway ⓘ |
| hasMolecularFunction |
cytokine activity
ⓘ
receptor binding ⓘ |
| hasPosttranslationalModification |
disulfide bond formation
ⓘ
glycosylation ⓘ |
| induces |
apoptosis
ⓘ
endothelial adhesion molecule expression ⓘ inflammatory cytokine production ⓘ insulin resistance ⓘ necroptosis ⓘ |
| length | 233 amino acids (human precursor) ⓘ |
| localization |
plasma membrane
ⓘ
secreted ⓘ |
| matureFormLength | 157 amino acids (soluble form) ⓘ |
| memberOf |
TNF ligand family
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
TNF superfamily NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| organism | Homo sapiens NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| pathway |
MAPK signaling pathway
ⓘ
NF-kappaB signaling pathway NERFINISHED ⓘ TNF signaling pathway ⓘ apoptosis pathway ⓘ |
| processedTo | soluble cytokine ⓘ |
| producedAs | type II transmembrane protein ⓘ |
| receptorFor |
TNFRSF1A
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
TNFRSF1B NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| roleIn |
granuloma formation
ⓘ
host defense against infection ⓘ tumor surveillance ⓘ |
| secretedBy |
NK cell
ⓘ
T cell NERFINISHED ⓘ dendritic cell ⓘ endothelial cell ⓘ fibroblast ⓘ macrophage ⓘ monocyte ⓘ |
| structure | homotrimer ⓘ |
| taxon | human ⓘ |
| therapeuticTargetOf |
adalimumab
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
certolizumab pegol NERFINISHED ⓘ etanercept NERFINISHED ⓘ golimumab NERFINISHED ⓘ infliximab NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| uniprotId | P01375 ⓘ |
| upregulatedBy |
interleukin-1 beta
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
lipopolysaccharide ⓘ pathogen-associated molecular patterns ⓘ |
| yearOfDiscovery | 1975 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: tumor necrosis factor alpha Description of subject: Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune regulation and inflammation, playing a key role in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.