Milne–Eddington approximation

E818289

The Milne–Eddington approximation is a simplified model of stellar atmospheres that assumes constant physical properties with depth to make the radiative transfer equations analytically tractable.

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Predicate Object
instanceOf astrophysical approximation
radiative transfer model
stellar atmosphere model
advantage analytic tractability
computational simplicity
appliesTo stellar atmospheres
approximationOf full depth-dependent radiative transfer solution
assumes constant continuum opacity with depth
constant line absorption coefficient with depth
constant physical properties with depth
gray atmosphere in many applications
linear source function with optical depth
local thermodynamic equilibrium
plane-parallel atmosphere
static atmosphere
basedOn Eddington approximation NERFINISHED
characteristic allows closed-form expressions for emergent intensity
allows closed-form expressions for emergent polarization
neglects depth variation of many atmospheric parameters
treats line and continuum opacities in a simplified way
comparedTo more realistic multi-layer atmosphere models
field astrophysics
radiative transfer theory
stellar astrophysics
historicalContext developed in early 20th century
involves constant line-to-continuum opacity ratio
solution of the radiative transfer equation for a two-level atom in simplified form
source function linear in optical depth
limitation cannot accurately represent strongly stratified atmospheres
limited accuracy for lines formed over large height ranges
namedAfter Arthur Stanley Eddington NERFINISHED
Edward Arthur Milne NERFINISHED
purpose to interpret solar spectra
to interpret stellar spectra
to model spectral line formation
to obtain analytic solutions for radiative transfer
to simplify the radiative transfer equation
relatedTo polarized radiative transfer
radiative transfer equation
spectral line formation theory
stellar atmosphere theory
typicalApplication quick inversion of large spectropolarimetric data sets
solar photospheric line modeling
usedFor analytic treatment of polarized radiative transfer
inversion of spectropolarimetric data
magnetic field diagnostics in stellar atmospheres
modeling of Stokes profiles
solar magnetic field measurements

Referenced by (2)

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Edward Arthur Milne hasConceptNamedAfter Milne–Eddington approximation
Eddington standard model of stars uses Milne–Eddington approximation
this entity surface form: Eddington approximation for radiative transfer