The Penguin and the Leviathan
E814005
The Penguin and the Leviathan is a book by legal scholar Yochai Benkler that argues human cooperation and intrinsic motivation are more powerful drivers of social and economic organization than self-interest alone.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| The Penguin and the Leviathan canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T9674076 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Penguin and the Leviathan Context triple: [Yochai Benkler, notableWork, The Penguin and the Leviathan]
-
A.
The Penguin
The Penguin is a deformed, crime-lord supervillain in the Batman universe, portrayed as a tragic and grotesque antagonist in the film "Batman Returns."
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B.
Leviathan
Leviathan is a towering steel giga coaster at Canada's Wonderland renowned for its extreme height, speed, and steep first drop.
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C.
Leviathan
Leviathan is Thomas Hobbes’s seminal 1651 philosophical treatise that lays out a foundational theory of the social contract and the necessity of a powerful sovereign to maintain order.
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D.
Leviathan
Leviathan is a critically acclaimed 2004 progressive/sludge metal concept album by Mastodon inspired by Herman Melville’s novel "Moby-Dick."
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E.
Leviathan
"Leviathan" is a 1992 novel by Paul Auster that blends mystery, political intrigue, and metafiction as it follows a writer investigating the life and radicalization of a deceased friend.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Penguin and the Leviathan Target entity description: The Penguin and the Leviathan is a book by legal scholar Yochai Benkler that argues human cooperation and intrinsic motivation are more powerful drivers of social and economic organization than self-interest alone.
-
A.
The Penguin
The Penguin is a deformed, crime-lord supervillain in the Batman universe, portrayed as a tragic and grotesque antagonist in the film "Batman Returns."
-
B.
Leviathan
Leviathan is a towering steel giga coaster at Canada's Wonderland renowned for its extreme height, speed, and steep first drop.
-
C.
Leviathan
Leviathan is a clandestine, global criminal and terrorist organization in DC Comics, often depicted as a major adversary of Batman and other heroes.
-
D.
Leviathan
"Leviathan" is a 1992 novel by Paul Auster that blends mystery, political intrigue, and metafiction as it follows a writer investigating the life and radicalization of a deceased friend.
-
E.
Leviathan
"Leviathan" is a 2014 Russian drama film by Andrey Zvyagintsev that critiques corruption and power in contemporary Russia through the tragic story of a man fighting to save his home.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | book ⓘ |
| arguesAgainst | purely self-interested models of human behavior ⓘ |
| author | Yochai Benkler NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| centralClaim |
human cooperation is a powerful driver of social and economic organization
ⓘ
intrinsic motivation can be more important than self-interest alone ⓘ |
| countryOfPublication |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| genre |
non-fiction
ⓘ
social science book ⓘ |
| hasFormat |
ebook
ⓘ
hardcover ⓘ paperback ⓘ |
| hasISBN10 | 0307590161 ⓘ |
| hasISBN13 | 9780307590169 ⓘ |
| intendedAudience |
academics
ⓘ
business leaders ⓘ general readers ⓘ policy makers ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| libraryOfCongressClassification | HM1211.B46 2011 ⓘ |
| mainTheme |
designing institutions that foster cooperation
ⓘ
limits of incentive-based management ⓘ role of trust in organizations ⓘ social motivations in economic life ⓘ |
| mediaType |
digital
ⓘ
print ⓘ |
| notableFor | popularizing research on cooperation for a general audience ⓘ |
| pageCount | 272 ⓘ |
| placeInAuthorCareer | follows The Wealth of Networks NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| publicationYear | 2011 ⓘ |
| publisher | Crown Business NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
commons-based peer production
ⓘ
cooperation ⓘ motivation crowding-in ⓘ |
| relatedWorkByAuthor | The Wealth of Networks NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| subject |
behavioral economics
ⓘ
economic organization ⓘ human cooperation ⓘ intrinsic motivation ⓘ organizational theory ⓘ social organization ⓘ |
| usesEvidenceFrom |
behavioral economics experiments
ⓘ
evolutionary biology ⓘ neuroscience ⓘ organizational case studies ⓘ psychology ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: The Penguin and the Leviathan Description of subject: The Penguin and the Leviathan is a book by legal scholar Yochai Benkler that argues human cooperation and intrinsic motivation are more powerful drivers of social and economic organization than self-interest alone.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.