Wood–Anderson torsion seismometer

E77001

The Wood–Anderson torsion seismometer is an early 20th-century mechanical seismograph designed to measure local earthquake ground motion with high sensitivity, forming the instrumental basis for the original Richter magnitude scale.


Statements (47)
Predicate Object
instanceOf mechanical seismograph
scientific instrument
seismometer
torsion seismometer
calibrationReferenceFor Richter local magnitude ML
component damped horizontal pendulum
lightweight mirror
photographic recording drum
torsion wire
dampingType aperiodic damping
dataUsedFor earthquake catalogs in early 20th century
designedBy Harry O. Wood
John A. Anderson
developedInPeriod early 20th century
eraOfMainUse 1930s
mid-20th century
field seismology
formsBasisOf original Richter magnitude scale
hasInfluenceOn standardization of earthquake magnitude measurements
hasKeyRoleIn Richter magnitude scale
hasOutput seismogram
historicalSignificance provided first standardized instrumental basis for earthquake magnitude
inspiredDevelopmentOf later standardized short-period seismometers
locationOfOriginalUse Southern California
measurementType horizontal ground motion
namedAfter Harry O. Wood
John A. Anderson
notOptimizedFor teleseismic (distant) earthquakes
operatingPrinciple torsional suspension of a horizontal pendulum
optimizedFor local and regional earthquakes
orientation typically installed in orthogonal horizontal components
recordingMethod optical recording on smoked paper or photographic paper
relatedTo Richter scale
local magnitude scale
replacedBy modern broadband seismometers
requires careful mechanical calibration
requiresInstallation rigid pier or foundation
sensitivity high sensitivity to local earthquakes
standardInstrumentFor original local magnitude (ML) scale
status largely obsolete
typicalMagnification about 2800 at 0.8 seconds
typicalNaturalPeriod approximately 0.8 seconds
usedAt Seismological Laboratory at Caltech
usedBy early 20th-century seismological observatories in California
usedFor determining earthquake magnitude
measuring local earthquake ground motion
recording seismic waves

Referenced by (1)
Subject (surface form when different) Predicate
Richter magnitude scale
definedUsing

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