Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle

E75704

CNO cycle hydrogen burning process stellar nuclear fusion process

The Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle is a nuclear fusion process in stars, particularly massive ones, where hydrogen is converted into helium through a catalytic cycle involving carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen nuclei.

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All labels observed (5)

Label	Occurrences
Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle canonical	3
CNO cycle	3
CNO-I cycle	1
CNO-II cycle	1
CNO-III cycle	1

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	CNO cycle ⓘ hydrogen burning process ⓘ stellar nuclear fusion process ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle ⓘ surface form: CNO cycle carbon–nitrogen–oxygen cycle ⓘ
betaDecayInvolves	electron neutrino emission ⓘ positron emission ⓘ
comparedWith	proton–proton chain ⓘ
conserves	carbon-12 nucleus as a catalyst ⓘ
converts	hydrogen into helium ⓘ
dependsOn	metallicity of the star ⓘ
describedIn	stellar structure and evolution theory ⓘ
dominantIn	high-temperature stellar interiors ⓘ massive main-sequence stars ⓘ
dominatesOver	proton–proton chain in high-mass stars ⓘ
energySourceFor	massive stars ⓘ
field	astrophysics ⓘ nuclear physics ⓘ
hasSubprocess	Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: CNO-I cycle Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: CNO-II cycle Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: CNO-III cycle
influences	mass–luminosity relation for massive stars ⓘ stellar lifetimes of massive stars ⓘ
involves	carbon-12 ⓘ carbon-13 ⓘ nitrogen-13 ⓘ nitrogen-14 ⓘ nitrogen-15 ⓘ oxygen-15 ⓘ
mechanismType	catalytic cycle ⓘ
namedAfter	Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker ⓘ Hans Bethe ⓘ
netEffect	four protons fused into one helium-4 nucleus ⓘ release of energy via mass–energy conversion ⓘ
occursIn	stellar cores ⓘ
partOf	hydrogen burning in stars ⓘ stellar nucleosynthesis ⓘ
produces	gamma rays ⓘ helium-4 ⓘ neutrinos ⓘ
reactionOrder	sequence of proton captures and beta decays ⓘ
requires	core temperatures above about 15 million kelvin ⓘ
role	explains energy generation in hot, massive stars ⓘ
temperatureSensitivity	strongly temperature dependent (approximately T^17 or higher in some regimes) ⓘ
timePeriodOfDevelopment	1930s ⓘ
usesAsCatalyst	carbon nuclei ⓘ nitrogen nuclei ⓘ oxygen nuclei ⓘ

Referenced by (9)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Hans Bethe → notableWork → Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle ⓘ

Bethe → notableWork → Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle ⓘ

subject surface form: Hans Bethe

Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle → alsoKnownAs → Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle ⓘ

this entity surface form: CNO cycle

Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle → hasSubprocess → Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: CNO-I cycle

Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle → hasSubprocess → Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: CNO-II cycle

Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle → hasSubprocess → Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: CNO-III cycle

Saiph → dominantFusionProcess → Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle ⓘ

this entity surface form: CNO cycle

nitrogen-14 → producedIn → Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle ⓘ

this entity surface form: CNO cycle

nitrogen-14 → producedIn → Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle ⓘ