Siege of Numantia
E730968
The Siege of Numantia was a decisive Roman military campaign in 134–133 BC in which Roman forces under Scipio Aemilianus besieged and ultimately destroyed the Celtiberian city of Numantia in Hispania.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Siege of Numantia canonical | 1 |
| siege and destruction of Numantia | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T8393913 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Siege of Numantia Context triple: [Scipio Aemilianus, notableBattle, Siege of Numantia]
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A.
Siege of Saguntum
The Siege of Saguntum was a pivotal prelude to the Second Punic War, in which Hannibal’s Carthaginian forces captured the Iberian city of Saguntum, provoking Rome and triggering open conflict between the two powers.
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B.
Siege of Mérida
The Siege of Mérida was a pivotal early 8th-century military engagement in which Umayyad forces captured the important Visigothic stronghold of Mérida, helping secure Muslim control over much of the Iberian Peninsula.
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C.
Battle of Venta y Media
The Battle of Venta y Media was a significant engagement during the Argentine War of Independence in Upper Peru, where patriot forces clashed with royalist troops as part of the broader struggle against Spanish colonial rule.
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D.
Battle of Ilerda
The Battle of Ilerda was a pivotal 49 BC engagement in Julius Caesar’s civil war in which Caesar outmaneuvered Pompeian forces in Hispania, securing control of the Iberian Peninsula with minimal direct fighting.
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E.
siege of Jotapata
The siege of Jotapata was a major Roman assault during the First Jewish–Roman War in 67 CE, in which Vespasian’s forces captured the fortified town of Jotapata and took the Jewish commander-historian Josephus prisoner.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Siege of Numantia Target entity description: The Siege of Numantia was a decisive Roman military campaign in 134–133 BC in which Roman forces under Scipio Aemilianus besieged and ultimately destroyed the Celtiberian city of Numantia in Hispania.
-
A.
Siege of Saguntum
The Siege of Saguntum was a pivotal prelude to the Second Punic War, in which Hannibal’s Carthaginian forces captured the Iberian city of Saguntum, provoking Rome and triggering open conflict between the two powers.
-
B.
Siege of Mérida
The Siege of Mérida was a pivotal early 8th-century military engagement in which Umayyad forces captured the important Visigothic stronghold of Mérida, helping secure Muslim control over much of the Iberian Peninsula.
-
C.
Battle of Venta y Media
The Battle of Venta y Media was a significant engagement during the Argentine War of Independence in Upper Peru, where patriot forces clashed with royalist troops as part of the broader struggle against Spanish colonial rule.
-
D.
Battle of Ilerda
The Battle of Ilerda was a pivotal 49 BC engagement in Julius Caesar’s civil war in which Caesar outmaneuvered Pompeian forces in Hispania, securing control of the Iberian Peninsula with minimal direct fighting.
-
E.
siege of Jotapata
The siege of Jotapata was a major Roman assault during the First Jewish–Roman War in 67 CE, in which Vespasian’s forces captured the fortified town of Jotapata and took the Jewish commander-historian Josephus prisoner.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
military campaign
ⓘ
military siege ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
Jugurtha (as a Numidian prince serving Rome)
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Roman general Gaius Marius (as a young officer) NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| belligerentStrength | approximately 30,000 Roman troops ⓘ |
| cause | continued Celtiberian resistance to Roman rule ⓘ |
| chronologyNote | took place shortly after the Third Punic War ⓘ |
| combatant |
Celtiberians
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Numantia NERFINISHED ⓘ Roman Republic NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| commander |
Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus Numantinus
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Scipio Aemilianus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| conflictType | Roman–Celtiberian conflict NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| culturalLegacy |
inspired later Spanish national and literary traditions
ⓘ
subject of later Roman literary accounts ⓘ |
| endDate | 133 BC ⓘ |
| followedBy | consolidation of Roman control in Celtiberia ⓘ |
| geographicalContext | Celtiberian region of central-northern Iberian Peninsula ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | late Roman Republic ⓘ |
| legacy | Scipio Aemilianus received the agnomen "Numantinus" after the siege ⓘ |
| location |
Hispania
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Numantia NERFINISHED ⓘ near modern Soria, Spain ⓘ |
| militaryInnovation | strict restoration of discipline in the Roman army by Scipio Aemilianus ⓘ |
| modernCountryLocation | Spain NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Numantia NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| notableFeature |
construction of extensive siege works
ⓘ
use of circumvallation lines ⓘ |
| opposingForceStrength | approximately 4,000 Numantine defenders ⓘ |
| outcome |
destruction of Numantia
ⓘ
suicide of many Numantine defenders ⓘ |
| partOf |
Celtiberian Wars
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Numantine War NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| precededBy | earlier unsuccessful Roman operations against Numantia ⓘ |
| recordedBy |
Appian
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Florus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| result | Roman victory ⓘ |
| RomanPoliticalContext | conducted under the Roman Republic Senate’s authority ⓘ |
| significance |
decisive end to Numantine resistance
ⓘ
important step in Roman conquest of Hispania ⓘ symbol of Roman military discipline and persistence ⓘ |
| startDate | 134 BC ⓘ |
| tactics |
blockade
ⓘ
encirclement ⓘ starvation siege ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Siege of Numantia Description of subject: The Siege of Numantia was a decisive Roman military campaign in 134–133 BC in which Roman forces under Scipio Aemilianus besieged and ultimately destroyed the Celtiberian city of Numantia in Hispania.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
siege and destruction of Numantia