endoplasmic reticulum
E728821
The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranous tubules and sacs in eukaryotic cells that synthesizes proteins and lipids and plays a key role in their folding, modification, and transport.
Statements (105)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
membrane-bound organelle
ⓘ
organelle ⓘ subcellular structure ⓘ |
| absentFrom | prokaryotic cells ⓘ |
| associatedWithDisease |
cancer
ⓘ
cardiovascular disease ⓘ congenital disorders of glycosylation ⓘ cystic fibrosis ⓘ diabetes mellitus ⓘ neurodegenerative diseases ⓘ |
| associatedWithProcess |
ER stress response
ⓘ
autophagy ⓘ co-translational translocation ⓘ lipid droplet biogenesis ⓘ post-translational translocation ⓘ secretory pathway ⓘ |
| connectedTo |
Golgi apparatus
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
mitochondrion ⓘ nuclear envelope ⓘ plasma membrane ⓘ |
| discoveredBy |
Albert Claude
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Ernest F. Fullam NERFINISHED ⓘ Keith R. Porter NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| discoveryMethod | electron microscopy ⓘ |
| enclosedBy | phospholipid bilayer membrane ⓘ |
| hasFunction |
ER-associated degradation of misfolded proteins
ⓘ
N-linked glycosylation of proteins ⓘ antigen presentation precursor processing ⓘ assembly of membrane proteins ⓘ assembly of multiprotein complexes ⓘ assembly of secretory proteins ⓘ biosynthesis of ceramides ⓘ biosynthesis of dolichol phosphate ⓘ biosynthesis of ether lipids ⓘ biosynthesis of heme components ⓘ biosynthesis of triglycerides ⓘ buffering of cytosolic calcium levels ⓘ calcium signaling ⓘ calcium storage ⓘ cholesterol synthesis ⓘ degradation of misfolded glycoproteins ⓘ detoxification of xenobiotics ⓘ disulfide bond formation in proteins ⓘ drug metabolism ⓘ glucose homeostasis regulation ⓘ integration of tail-anchored proteins ⓘ interaction with mitochondria-associated membranes ⓘ lipid droplet formation ⓘ lipid synthesis ⓘ lipoprotein assembly ⓘ maintenance of cellular redox environment ⓘ membrane biogenesis ⓘ participation in innate immune signaling ⓘ phospholipid synthesis ⓘ protein folding ⓘ protein modification ⓘ protein quality control ⓘ protein synthesis ⓘ protein transport ⓘ quality control checkpoint before Golgi entry ⓘ regulation of apoptosis signaling ⓘ regulation of lipid composition of cellular membranes ⓘ retrotranslocation of misfolded proteins to cytosol ⓘ sarcoplasmic calcium reuptake in muscle cells ⓘ steroid hormone synthesis ⓘ storage of newly synthesized proteins prior to transport ⓘ synthesis of glycophosphatidylinositol anchors ⓘ synthesis of lysosomal enzymes ⓘ synthesis of proteins destined for endosomes ⓘ synthesis of proteins destined for lysosomes ⓘ synthesis of proteins destined for secretion ⓘ synthesis of proteins destined for the ER lumen ⓘ synthesis of proteins destined for the Golgi apparatus ⓘ synthesis of proteins destined for the plasma membrane ⓘ unfolded protein response activation ⓘ |
| hasPart |
ATF6
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
BiP NERFINISHED ⓘ ER exit sites ⓘ ER-associated degradation machinery ⓘ IP3 receptors ⓘ IRE1 NERFINISHED ⓘ PERK NERFINISHED ⓘ SERCA pumps NERFINISHED ⓘ calnexin NERFINISHED ⓘ calreticulin ⓘ chaperone proteins ⓘ cisternae ⓘ lumen ⓘ membrane ⓘ oligosaccharyltransferase complex ⓘ protein disulfide isomerase NERFINISHED ⓘ ribosome-binding sites ⓘ rough endoplasmic reticulum NERFINISHED ⓘ ryanodine receptors ⓘ smooth endoplasmic reticulum ⓘ translocon complexes ⓘ tubules ⓘ unfolded protein response sensors ⓘ |
| locatedIn | eukaryotic cell ⓘ |
| partOf | cytoplasm ⓘ |
| presentIn |
animal cells
ⓘ
fungal cells ⓘ plant cells ⓘ protist cells ⓘ |
| shape | network of membranous tubules and sacs ⓘ |
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.