Bantustan system
E707719
The Bantustan system was a network of nominally self-governing, ethnically defined territories used by apartheid-era South Africa to segregate Black Africans and deny them full citizenship rights.
Statements (59)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
component of apartheid
ⓘ
policy of racial segregation ⓘ territorial segregation system ⓘ |
| abolishedIn | 1994 ⓘ |
| appliedIn | South West Africa NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| characteristic |
denationalization of Black Africans
ⓘ
economic dependence on South Africa ⓘ ethnically defined territories ⓘ fragmented, non-contiguous territories ⓘ limited political autonomy ⓘ nominal self-government ⓘ |
| condemnedAs |
tool of racial domination
ⓘ
violation of human rights ⓘ |
| country | South Africa ⓘ |
| createdTerritoriesFor | Black African ethnic groups ⓘ |
| describedAs |
grand apartheid
ⓘ
homelands policy ⓘ |
| endTime | early 1990s ⓘ |
| ideology |
apartheid
ⓘ
separate development ⓘ |
| implementedBy | National Party government of South Africa NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| includedTerritory |
Bophuthatswana
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Ciskei NERFINISHED ⓘ Gazankulu NERFINISHED ⓘ KaNgwane NERFINISHED ⓘ KwaNdebele NERFINISHED ⓘ KwaZulu NERFINISHED ⓘ Lebowa NERFINISHED ⓘ Ovamboland NERFINISHED ⓘ QwaQwa NERFINISHED ⓘ Transkei NERFINISHED ⓘ Venda NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| internationalRecognitionOfHomelands | none outside South Africa and its allies ⓘ |
| involvedPolicy |
forced removals
ⓘ
influx control ⓘ pass laws ⓘ |
| legacy |
spatial inequality in post-apartheid South Africa
ⓘ
underdevelopment of former homelands ⓘ |
| legalBasis |
Bantu Authorities Act, 1951
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act, 1970 NERFINISHED ⓘ Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act, 1959 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| nominallyIndependentHomeland |
Bophuthatswana
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Ciskei NERFINISHED ⓘ Transkei NERFINISHED ⓘ Venda NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| opposedBy |
African National Congress
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Pan Africanist Congress NERFINISHED ⓘ United Nations NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| purpose |
deny Black Africans full South African citizenship
ⓘ
maintain white minority rule ⓘ segregate Black Africans from white population ⓘ |
| repealedBy | interim Constitution of South Africa, 1993 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| resultedIn |
concentration of poverty in homelands
ⓘ
creation of nominally independent states ⓘ labor migration to white-controlled areas ⓘ loss of South African citizenship for many Black Africans ⓘ political disenfranchisement of Black majority ⓘ |
| significantExpansion | 1960s ⓘ |
| startTime | late 1950s ⓘ |
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.