Judiciary Act of 1891
E6726
The Judiciary Act of 1891 was a landmark U.S. federal statute that created the intermediate federal courts of appeals, significantly restructuring the federal judiciary and reducing the Supreme Court’s mandatory caseload.
Aliases (1)
Statements (42)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal statute
→
judicial reform law → |
| affectedInstitution |
Supreme Court of the United States
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|
| alsoKnownAs |
Evarts Act
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|
| appliesToJurisdiction |
federal judiciary of the United States
→
|
| branchAffected |
judicial branch of the United States government
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|
| changedAppealRoute |
from district courts to courts of appeals instead of directly to the Supreme Court in many cases
→
|
| codifiedIn |
28 U.S. Code (as later revised and reorganized)
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|
| country |
United States
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|
| createdCourt |
United States circuit courts of appeals
→
United States courts of appeals → |
| createdLevelOfCourt |
intermediate appellate courts
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|
| dateEnacted |
March 3, 1891
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|
| effectOnSupremeCourt |
expanded discretionary review through writs of certiorari
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reduced mandatory appeals to the Supreme Court → |
| enactedBy |
United States Congress
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|
| governs |
appeals from United States district courts
→
appeals from certain administrative and specialized tribunals → |
| historicalSignificance |
first major reorganization of federal appellate courts since the Judiciary Act of 1789
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marked the beginning of the modern three-tier federal court system → |
| inForce |
yes
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|
| introducedIntermediateLevel |
between district courts and the Supreme Court
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|
| legalDomain |
federal courts and procedure
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|
| legislativeChamberOfOrigin |
United States Senate
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|
| longTermImpact |
contributed to the development of uniform federal law through regional courts of appeals
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enabled the Supreme Court to focus on cases of national importance → |
| namedAfter |
William M. Evarts
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|
| numberOfCourtsCreated |
9
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|
| precededBy |
Judiciary Act of 1789
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|
| primaryPurpose |
to create intermediate federal appellate courts
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to reduce the mandatory appellate caseload of the Supreme Court of the United States → |
| providedFor |
finality of certain decisions in the courts of appeals
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|
| reducedDirectAppealsFrom |
United States district courts to the Supreme Court
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|
| restructured |
federal appellate jurisdiction
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|
| scope |
nationwide within the United States
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|
| shortDescription |
Act creating the United States courts of appeals and restructuring federal appellate jurisdiction
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|
| signedBy |
Benjamin Harrison
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|
| sponsor |
William M. Evarts
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|
| transferredJurisdictionFrom |
United States circuit courts
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|
| transferredJurisdictionTo |
United States courts of appeals
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|
| typeOfChange |
structural reform of court system
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|
| yearEnacted |
1891
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|
Referenced by (5)
| Subject (surface form when different) | Predicate |
|---|---|
|
Evarts Act
("Judiciary Act")
→
|
classification |
|
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
→
|
establishedBy |
|
United States courts of appeals
→
|
governingLaw |
|
Evarts Act
→
|
officialName |
|
Judiciary Act of 1789
→
|
supersededInPartBy |