Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions
E635554
The Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions states that at infinite dilution, each ion contributes a characteristic, additive amount to the total molar conductivity of an electrolyte solution, independent of the other ions present.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T6993004 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions Context triple: [Friedrich Kohlrausch, knownFor, Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions]
-
A.
Fick's first law of diffusion
Fick's first law of diffusion is a fundamental physical law that relates the diffusive flux of particles to the spatial gradient of their concentration, describing how substances move from regions of high to low concentration.
-
B.
Debye–Hückel theory
Debye–Hückel theory is a foundational model in physical chemistry that explains how electrostatic interactions between ions in solution affect properties such as activity coefficients and equilibrium behavior in electrolytes.
-
C.
Butler–Volmer equation
The Butler–Volmer equation is a fundamental relation in electrochemistry that describes how the rate of an electrode reaction (current density) depends on the electrode potential and reaction kinetics.
-
D.
On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances
On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances is a foundational 1876–1878 treatise in thermodynamics by Josiah Willard Gibbs that introduced key concepts of chemical thermodynamics and phase equilibrium, including the Gibbs free energy.
-
E.
Arrhenius equation for temperature dependence of reaction rates
The Arrhenius equation for temperature dependence of reaction rates is a fundamental formula in chemical kinetics that quantitatively relates a reaction’s rate constant to temperature and activation energy, explaining why reactions speed up as temperature increases.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions Target entity description: The Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions states that at infinite dilution, each ion contributes a characteristic, additive amount to the total molar conductivity of an electrolyte solution, independent of the other ions present.
-
A.
Fick's first law of diffusion
Fick's first law of diffusion is a fundamental physical law that relates the diffusive flux of particles to the spatial gradient of their concentration, describing how substances move from regions of high to low concentration.
-
B.
Debye–Hückel theory
Debye–Hückel theory is a foundational model in physical chemistry that explains how electrostatic interactions between ions in solution affect properties such as activity coefficients and equilibrium behavior in electrolytes.
-
C.
Butler–Volmer equation
The Butler–Volmer equation is a fundamental relation in electrochemistry that describes how the rate of an electrode reaction (current density) depends on the electrode potential and reaction kinetics.
-
D.
On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances
On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances is a foundational 1876–1878 treatise in thermodynamics by Josiah Willard Gibbs that introduced key concepts of chemical thermodynamics and phase equilibrium, including the Gibbs free energy.
-
E.
Arrhenius equation for temperature dependence of reaction rates
The Arrhenius equation for temperature dependence of reaction rates is a fundamental formula in chemical kinetics that quantitatively relates a reaction’s rate constant to temperature and activation energy, explaining why reactions speed up as temperature increases.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
law in electrochemistry
ⓘ
physical law ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Kohlrausch’s law
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Kohlrausch’s law of independent ionic migration NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
aqueous electrolyte solutions
ⓘ
binary electrolytes ⓘ multi-ionic electrolytes at infinite dilution ⓘ strong electrolytes ⓘ |
| appliesUnderCondition | infinite dilution ⓘ |
| assumes |
ions do not interact with each other at infinite dilution
ⓘ
transport numbers are constant at infinite dilution ⓘ |
| concernsConcept | independent ionic migration ⓘ |
| concernsProperty | ionic molar conductivity at infinite dilution ⓘ |
| concernsQuantity |
limiting molar conductivity
ⓘ
molar conductivity ⓘ |
| concernsSpecies |
anions
ⓘ
cations ⓘ |
| field |
electrochemistry
ⓘ
physical chemistry ⓘ |
| hasConsequence |
ionic contributions to conductivity can be tabulated as constants
ⓘ
limiting molar conductivity of strong electrolytes increases with dilution ⓘ |
| implies | limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte is additive in ionic contributions ⓘ |
| isFoundationFor | calculation of transference numbers from conductivity data ⓘ |
| limitation | ionic interactions become significant at higher concentrations ⓘ |
| mathematicalForm |
Λm∞ = λ+∞ + λ−∞ for a 1:1 electrolyte
ⓘ
Λm∞ = ν+ λ+∞ + ν− λ−∞ for a ν+:ν− electrolyte ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Friedrich Kohlrausch NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| notValidWhen | electrolyte concentration is high ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Debye–Hückel theory
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Onsager limiting law NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relates | limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte to limiting ionic conductivities ⓘ |
| requires | knowledge of ionic charges and stoichiometric coefficients of the electrolyte ⓘ |
| statesThat |
at infinite dilution each ion contributes a characteristic amount to the molar conductivity of an electrolyte
ⓘ
the molar conductivity at infinite dilution is the sum of independent ionic contributions ⓘ |
| supportsConcept | additivity of ionic conductances ⓘ |
| usedFor |
calculation of individual ionic conductivities
ⓘ
calculation of ionic mobilities ⓘ determination of degree of dissociation of weak electrolytes ⓘ determination of limiting molar conductivity of electrolytes ⓘ verification of strong electrolyte behavior at low concentration ⓘ |
| usedIn |
analysis of conductometric data
ⓘ
design of electrolyte solutions in electrochemical systems ⓘ teaching of undergraduate physical chemistry ⓘ |
| validWhen | electrolyte concentration approaches zero ⓘ |
| yearProposed | late 19th century ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
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Input
Subject: Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions Description of subject: The Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions states that at infinite dilution, each ion contributes a characteristic, additive amount to the total molar conductivity of an electrolyte solution, independent of the other ions present.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.