Hamilton's rule
E634418
Hamilton's rule is a principle in evolutionary biology that explains how altruistic behavior can evolve when the genetic benefits to related individuals, weighted by relatedness, exceed the costs to the actor.
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
evolutionary principle
ⓘ
rule in evolutionary biology ⓘ theoretical model of altruism ⓘ |
| addresses |
conditions for the evolution of helping behavior
ⓘ
genetic basis of social behavior ⓘ |
| appliesTo | genetically related individuals ⓘ |
| assumes |
costs and benefits are measured in genetic fitness
ⓘ
weak selection in many derivations ⓘ |
| basedOnConcept |
inclusive fitness
ⓘ
kin selection ⓘ |
| category | biological rule ⓘ |
| centralConcept |
coefficient of relatedness
ⓘ
cost–benefit analysis of behavior ⓘ |
| coreFormula | rb > c ⓘ |
| definesVariable |
b (benefit to recipient)
ⓘ
c (cost to actor) ⓘ r (coefficient of relatedness) ⓘ |
| explains |
conditions for the spread of altruistic genes
ⓘ
evolution of altruism ⓘ kin-directed altruistic behavior ⓘ |
| field |
behavioral ecology
ⓘ
evolutionary biology ⓘ population genetics ⓘ sociobiology ⓘ |
| formulatedInYear | 1964 ⓘ |
| hasGeneralization |
inclusive fitness maximization frameworks
ⓘ
multiplayer Hamilton's rule ⓘ neighbor-modulated fitness models ⓘ |
| hasLimitation |
applies most directly to additive genetic effects
ⓘ
simplest form assumes pairwise interactions ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance |
foundation of inclusive fitness theory
ⓘ
landmark in the study of social evolution ⓘ |
| influenced |
evolutionary psychology of social behavior
ⓘ
modern sociobiology ⓘ theoretical work on social evolution ⓘ |
| mathematicallyExpressedAs | ΔW > 0 if rb − c > 0 ⓘ |
| namedAfter | W. D. Hamilton NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| oftenIllustratedBy |
alarm calling in social mammals
ⓘ
altruism in eusocial insects ⓘ food sharing among kin ⓘ |
| proposedBy | W. D. Hamilton NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| publishedIn | Journal of Theoretical Biology NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
inclusive fitness theory
ⓘ
kin selection theory ⓘ |
| statesThat | an altruistic trait can spread when rb exceeds c ⓘ |
| usedFor |
analyzing social behavior in animals
ⓘ
modeling evolution of cooperation among relatives ⓘ predicting when altruistic behaviors evolve ⓘ |
Referenced by (1)
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