Sapphire

E583692

Sapphire is a precious gemstone variety of the mineral corundum, typically blue, valued for its hardness, brilliance, and use in fine jewelry and industrial applications.

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Observed surface forms (1)

Surface form Occurrences
SAPPHIRE 1

Statements (80)

Predicate Object
instanceOf gemstone
mineral variety
variety of corundum
belongsToMineralGroup corundum
canBeSynthetic true
canHaveColor black
colorless
green
orange
pink
purple
yellow
colorIsCausedByImpurities true
commonColoringImpurity chromium
iron
magnesium
titanium
vanadium
differsFromRubyBy color definition within corundum group
hasBlueColorDueTo iron and titanium impurities
hasBlueComplementaryGem ruby (red corundum) NERFINISHED
hasChemicalFormula Al2O3
hasCleavage none
hasCrystalSystem hexagonal (trigonal subdivision)
trigonal
hasFracture conchoidal to uneven
hasLuster vitreous
hasMineralClass oxide mineral
hasMohsHardness 9
hasNotableVariety Kashmir sapphire NERFINISHED
Padparadscha sapphire NERFINISHED
star sapphire
hasOpticalUse UV optics
infrared optics
hasPhenomenon asterism in star sapphires
color change in some sapphires
hasRefractiveIndexRange 1.76–1.77
hasSpecificGravityRange 3.95–4.03
hasSymbolism loyalty
nobility
wisdom
hasTenacity tough
hasTransparencyRange transparent to opaque
hasTypicalColor blue
isAllochromatic true
isAssociatedWithAnniversary 45th wedding anniversary
65th wedding anniversary
isBirthstoneFor September
isColorlessWhenPure true
isConsideredPreciousGemstone true
isHeatTreated commonly to improve color and clarity
isMinedIn Australia NERFINISHED
Kashmir NERFINISHED
Madagascar NERFINISHED
Montana, United States NERFINISHED
Myanmar NERFINISHED
Sri Lanka NERFINISHED
Thailand NERFINISHED
isPleochroic true
isSecondOnlyInHardnessTo diamond
isUsedIn LED substrates
bracelets
earrings
engagement rings
fine jewelry
industrial applications
necklaces
optical components
scientific instruments
scratch-resistant windows
semiconductor substrates
watch crystals
watches
isValuedFor brilliance
color
hardness
syntheticProductionMethod Czochralski process NERFINISHED
Verneuil process NERFINISHED
flux growth
hydrothermal growth

Referenced by (3)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Mary Lee Johnston createdBy Sapphire
Sapphire name Sapphire
PSLV-C20 payload Sapphire
this entity surface form: SAPPHIRE