Tomos of 1351
E551856
The Tomos of 1351 is a formal decree of the Eastern Orthodox Church that definitively endorsed Gregory Palamas’s hesychast theology and settled the 14th-century Byzantine dispute over the nature of divine grace and human participation in God.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Tomos of 1351 canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5839380 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Tomos of 1351 Context triple: [Hesychast controversy, outcomeDocument, Tomos of 1351]
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A.
Graves de Communi Re
Graves de Communi Re is an 1901 encyclical by Pope Leo XIII that addresses Christian democracy, social justice, and the proper relationship between the Church, society, and emerging democratic movements.
-
B.
Si vera sunt (1239)
Si vera sunt (1239) is a papal bull by Pope Gregory IX addressing alleged Jewish attacks on Christians and the desecration of Christian symbols.
-
C.
Joyous Entry of 1356
The Joyous Entry of 1356 was a foundational constitutional charter of the Duchy of Brabant that limited ducal power and guaranteed key privileges and liberties to the duchy’s subjects.
-
D.
The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
The Babylonian Captivity of the Church is a 1520 theological treatise by Martin Luther that sharply criticizes the Roman Catholic sacramental system and helped define key doctrines of the Protestant Reformation.
-
E.
Nihil novi (1505)
Nihil novi (1505) was a landmark Polish constitutional act that curtailed royal authority by requiring the consent of the Sejm, dominated by the szlachta (nobility), for the enactment of new laws.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Tomos of 1351 Target entity description: The Tomos of 1351 is a formal decree of the Eastern Orthodox Church that definitively endorsed Gregory Palamas’s hesychast theology and settled the 14th-century Byzantine dispute over the nature of divine grace and human participation in God.
-
A.
Graves de Communi Re
Graves de Communi Re is an 1901 encyclical by Pope Leo XIII that addresses Christian democracy, social justice, and the proper relationship between the Church, society, and emerging democratic movements.
-
B.
Si vera sunt (1239)
Si vera sunt (1239) is a papal bull by Pope Gregory IX addressing alleged Jewish attacks on Christians and the desecration of Christian symbols.
-
C.
Joyous Entry of 1356
The Joyous Entry of 1356 was a foundational constitutional charter of the Duchy of Brabant that limited ducal power and guaranteed key privileges and liberties to the duchy’s subjects.
-
D.
The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
The Babylonian Captivity of the Church is a 1520 theological treatise by Martin Luther that sharply criticizes the Roman Catholic sacramental system and helped define key doctrines of the Protestant Reformation.
-
E.
Nihil novi (1505)
Nihil novi (1505) was a landmark Polish constitutional act that curtailed royal authority by requiring the consent of the Sejm, dominated by the szlachta (nobility), for the enactment of new laws.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
document of the Eastern Orthodox Church
ⓘ
ecclesiastical decree ⓘ synodal tomos ⓘ |
| affirms |
legitimacy of hesychast practice of inner prayer
ⓘ
possibility of deification (theosis) by grace ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Synodal Tomos of 1351
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Tomos of the Council of Constantinople of 1351 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| approvedBy | Byzantine emperor John VI Kantakouzenos NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| associatedWithCouncil | Palamite Councils of Constantinople NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| century | 14th century ⓘ |
| condemns |
Barlaam of Calabria
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Gregory Akindynos NERFINISHED ⓘ anti‑hesychast teachings ⓘ |
| countryAtTimeOfIssue | Byzantine Empire NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| date | 1351 ⓘ |
| declares |
Gregory Palamas is orthodox in faith
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
divine grace is uncreated ⓘ the light of the Transfiguration is uncreated ⓘ |
| endorsesTheologyOf | Gregory Palamas NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| field | Byzantine theology ⓘ |
| follows | Tomos of 1347 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| genre | dogmatic definition ⓘ |
| hasCanonicalForceIn | Eastern Orthodox Church NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| influenced |
later Eastern Orthodox dogmatic theology
ⓘ
reception of Gregory Palamas as a Church Father ⓘ |
| issuedBy | Council of Constantinople of 1351 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| language | Greek ⓘ |
| placeOfIssue | Constantinople NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| recognizedBy | Eastern Orthodox Church NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| regardsAsOrthodox | teaching that God is unknowable in essence but knowable in energies ⓘ |
| rejects | identification of divine grace with created effects ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Council of Constantinople of 1341
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Council of Constantinople of 1347 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| religiousTradition | Eastern Orthodoxy NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| settles |
14th‑century Byzantine hesychast controversy
ⓘ
dispute over human participation in God ⓘ dispute over the nature of divine grace ⓘ |
| statusInOrthodoxy | dogmatic authority for Palamite theology ⓘ |
| subjectOf | scholarly studies in Byzantine theology ⓘ |
| supportsDoctrine |
essence–energies distinction
ⓘ
hesychasm ⓘ real human participation in God through divine energies ⓘ uncreated divine energies ⓘ |
| theologicalOrientation | Palamite ⓘ |
| topic |
hesychast controversy
ⓘ
human participation in God ⓘ mystical prayer ⓘ nature of divine grace ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Tomos of 1351 Description of subject: The Tomos of 1351 is a formal decree of the Eastern Orthodox Church that definitively endorsed Gregory Palamas’s hesychast theology and settled the 14th-century Byzantine dispute over the nature of divine grace and human participation in God.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.