Scottish Vowel Length Rule

E54489

The Scottish Vowel Length Rule is a phonological rule in Scots and Scottish English that determines when certain vowels are pronounced long or short depending on the sounds that follow them.

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Statements (39)

Predicate Object
instanceOf phonological rule
vowel length rule
affects phonemic vowels of Scots
phonemic vowels of Scottish English
alsoKnownAs Aitken’s Law
appliesToLanguage Scots
Scottish English
conditionedBy following phonological environment
createsContrastIn vowel quantity
determines distribution of long and short vowels
documentedIn descriptive grammars of Scots
descriptive grammars of Scottish English
works of A. J. Aitken
doesNotCreateContrast vowel quality
explains alternation between long and short vowels in minimal pairs
hasException some lexicalized forms and proper names
hasScopeOver certain stressed vowels
influences perception of Scottish accent by non-Scots speakers
isImportantFor description of Scots phonology
description of Scottish English phonology
isRealizedAs predictable vowel length differences
isRelevantTo dialectology of English
historical phonology of English in Scotland
phonological theory
isTypicallyFormulatedAs vowels are long before voiced fricatives, /r/, and morpheme or word boundaries, and short elsewhere
isUsedToExplain difference between Scots and Southern British English vowel systems
lengthensBefore /r/ in many dialects
/v/
/z/
/ð/
/ʒ/
morpheme boundary
voiced fricatives
word boundary
namedAfter A. J. Aitken
shortensBefore most other consonants
nasals in many environments
voiceless fricatives
voiceless stops

Referenced by (1)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Scottish English hasCharacteristic Scottish Vowel Length Rule