Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
E53893
The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 is a U.S. federal law that regulates the environmental effects of coal mining and mandates the restoration of mined lands.
All labels observed (4)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T428428 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 Context triple: [Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, legalBasis, Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977]
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A.
Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977
The Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 is a U.S. law that established comprehensive regulations and enforcement mechanisms to protect the safety and health of miners in the nation’s mining industry.
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B.
Mineral Leasing Act
The Mineral Leasing Act is a U.S. federal law that governs the leasing and development of publicly owned mineral resources such as oil, gas, coal, and other fuels on federal lands.
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C.
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
The Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement is a U.S. federal agency responsible for regulating coal mining and overseeing the restoration of abandoned mine lands to protect the environment and public health.
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D.
Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Management Act of 1982
The Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Management Act of 1982 is a U.S. law that governs the collection, accounting, and auditing of royalties from oil and gas production on federal and Indian lands to ensure proper return to the public.
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E.
Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935
The Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 was a New Deal-era U.S. law aimed at stabilizing the coal industry through price regulation and labor standards, later struck down by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 Target entity description: The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 is a U.S. federal law that regulates the environmental effects of coal mining and mandates the restoration of mined lands.
-
A.
Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977
The Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 is a U.S. law that established comprehensive regulations and enforcement mechanisms to protect the safety and health of miners in the nation’s mining industry.
-
B.
Mineral Leasing Act
The Mineral Leasing Act is a U.S. federal law that governs the leasing and development of publicly owned mineral resources such as oil, gas, coal, and other fuels on federal lands.
-
C.
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
The Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement is a U.S. federal agency responsible for regulating coal mining and overseeing the restoration of abandoned mine lands to protect the environment and public health.
-
D.
Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Management Act of 1982
The Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Management Act of 1982 is a U.S. law that governs the collection, accounting, and auditing of royalties from oil and gas production on federal and Indian lands to ensure proper return to the public.
-
E.
Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935
The Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 was a New Deal-era U.S. law aimed at stabilizing the coal industry through price regulation and labor standards, later struck down by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal law
ⓘ
environmental law ⓘ mining law ⓘ |
| abbreviationOfAgency | OSMRE ⓘ |
| administeredBy |
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
ⓘ
United States Department of the Interior ⓘ |
| aimsTo |
assure that surface coal mining operations are conducted in an environmentally sound manner
ⓘ
balance environmental protection with the nation’s need for coal as an energy source ⓘ promote reclamation of mined areas left without adequate reclamation prior to the Act ⓘ protect society and the environment from adverse effects of surface coal mining operations ⓘ |
| allows | state primacy in regulating surface coal mining if state programs meet federal standards ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
coal mining on federal lands
ⓘ
coal mining on non-federal lands ⓘ |
| contains |
inspection and enforcement provisions
ⓘ
penalties for violations of mining and reclamation standards ⓘ provisions for citizen suits ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| createsProgram |
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
ⓘ
surface form:
Abandoned Mine Land Reclamation Program
|
| enactedBy |
95th Congress
ⓘ
surface form:
95th United States Congress
|
| establishes |
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
ⓘ
federal minimum environmental performance standards for coal mining ⓘ |
| fundedBy | fees on coal production ⓘ |
| historicalContext | enacted in response to environmental damage from unregulated surface coal mining ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| legalCitation | 30 U.S.C. § 1201 et seq. ⓘ |
| primaryPurpose |
establish standards for surface coal mining operations
ⓘ
mandate restoration of mined lands ⓘ regulate environmental effects of coal mining in the United States ⓘ |
| providesFor | federal enforcement where states do not have approved programs ⓘ |
| publicLawNumber | Public Law 95-87 ⓘ |
| regulates |
surface coal mining
ⓘ
surface effects of underground coal mining ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
United States environmental policy
ⓘ
General Mining Act of 1872 for certain minerals on federal lands ⓘ
surface form:
United States mining law
|
| requires |
control of erosion and sedimentation
ⓘ
performance bonds for mine reclamation ⓘ permits for surface coal mining operations ⓘ protection of water quality ⓘ reclamation of mined land to beneficial use ⓘ restoration of approximate original contour of mined land ⓘ revegetation of disturbed areas ⓘ |
| sector | coal industry ⓘ |
| shortName | SMCRA ⓘ |
| signedBy | Jimmy Carter ⓘ |
| signingDate | 1977-08-03 ⓘ |
| subjectOf |
coal mining regulation
ⓘ
land reclamation ⓘ |
| title |
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
An Act to provide for the cooperation between the Secretary of the Interior and the States with respect to the regulation of surface coal mining operations, and the acquisition and reclamation of abandoned mines, and for other purposes
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 Description of subject: The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 is a U.S. federal law that regulates the environmental effects of coal mining and mandates the restoration of mined lands.
Referenced by (11)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
→
legalBasis
→
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
ⓘ
subject surface form:
95th United States Congress
this entity surface form:
Regulatory Program for active surface coal mining
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
→
title
→
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
An Act to provide for the cooperation between the Secretary of the Interior and the States with respect to the regulation of surface coal mining operations, and the acquisition and reclamation of abandoned mines, and for other purposes
subject surface form:
Western Region (OSMRE)
this entity surface form:
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act
this entity surface form:
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act