Goldberg Variations

E53507

The Goldberg Variations is a monumental keyboard composition by Johann Sebastian Bach, renowned for its intricate set of variations on an aria and its central place in the classical piano and harpsichord repertoire.


Statements (50)
Predicate Object
instanceOf keyboard composition
set of variations
approximateDuration 45 to 80 minutes depending on repeats and tempo
basedOn bass line and harmonic progression of the opening aria
catalogNumber BWV 988
centralRepertoireFor harpsichord
piano
clavierUebungNumber IV
collection Clavier-Übung
commonlyPerformedAs complete cycle
composer Johann Sebastian Bach
compositionForm theme and variations
dedicatedTo music lovers for the refreshment of their spirits
difficulty highly virtuosic
firstPublicationYear 1741
firstPublisher Balthasar Schmid NERFINISHED
genre Baroque keyboard music
hasNicknameOrigin associated with harpsichordist Johann Gottlieb Goldberg
hasPart 30 variations
Aria
Aria da capo
historicalAnecdote traditionally linked to Count Keyserlingk and Goldberg as insomnia music
influenceOn later variation sets and keyboard cycles
instrumentation harpsichord
piano
key G major
movementStructure canons at increasing intervals from unison to ninth
every third variation is a canon
includes French overture style variation
includes dance movements
includes fughetta
includes quodlibet in final variation
includes virtuosic toccata-like variations
notablePerformer András Schiff
Angela Hewitt
Glenn Gould
Murray Perahia
Rosalyn Tureck
Tatiana Nikolayeva
Wanda Landowska
notableRecording Glenn Gould 1955 piano recording
Glenn Gould 1981 piano recording
numberOfMovements 30 variations plus aria
originalTitle Clavier Übung bestehend in einer ARIA mit verschiedenen Veränderungen
originalTitleLanguage German
period Baroque
placeOfFirstPublication Nuremberg
status one of the most important works in the keyboard repertoire
tonalDesign predominantly in G major with some G minor variations
uses two-manual harpsichord in original conception

Referenced by (1)
Subject (surface form when different) Predicate
Johann Sebastian Bach
notableWork

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