The Year Without a Summer of 1816
E511312
The Year Without a Summer of 1816 was a period of severe global climate anomalies, marked by unseasonably cold temperatures, crop failures, and food shortages, largely caused by the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| The Year Without a Summer of 1816 canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5339371 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Year Without a Summer of 1816 Context triple: [Year Without a Summer, alsoKnownAs, The Year Without a Summer of 1816]
-
A.
The Catastrophe
"The Catastrophe" is a political work by Russian revolutionary leader Alexander Kerensky analyzing the collapse of the Russian Provisional Government and the events leading to the Bolshevik takeover in 1917.
-
B.
The Cold and the Dark
The Cold and the Dark is a 1984 scientific assessment of the potential global climatic and environmental consequences of nuclear war, co-authored by Carl Sagan and colleagues.
-
C.
The Hothouse
The Hothouse is a darkly comic stage play by Harold Pinter that satirizes bureaucratic power and institutional cruelty within a mysterious government-run facility.
-
D.
Eclipse of Reason
Eclipse of Reason is a philosophical work by Max Horkheimer that critiques the degeneration of rationality in modern society and explores the relationship between reason, domination, and social injustice.
-
E.
Kindred Spirits
Kindred Spirits is a celebrated 1849 landscape painting by Hudson River School artist Asher B. Durand, depicting poet William Cullen Bryant and painter Thomas Cole in a romanticized Catskills wilderness.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Year Without a Summer of 1816 Target entity description: The Year Without a Summer of 1816 was a period of severe global climate anomalies, marked by unseasonably cold temperatures, crop failures, and food shortages, largely caused by the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora.
-
A.
The Catastrophe
"The Catastrophe" is a political work by Russian revolutionary leader Alexander Kerensky analyzing the collapse of the Russian Provisional Government and the events leading to the Bolshevik takeover in 1917.
-
B.
The Cold and the Dark
The Cold and the Dark is a 1984 scientific assessment of the potential global climatic and environmental consequences of nuclear war, co-authored by Carl Sagan and colleagues.
-
C.
The Hothouse
The Hothouse is a darkly comic stage play by Harold Pinter that satirizes bureaucratic power and institutional cruelty within a mysterious government-run facility.
-
D.
Eclipse of Reason
Eclipse of Reason is a philosophical work by Max Horkheimer that critiques the degeneration of rationality in modern society and explores the relationship between reason, domination, and social injustice.
-
E.
Kindred Spirits
Kindred Spirits is a celebrated 1849 landscape painting by Hudson River School artist Asher B. Durand, depicting poet William Cullen Bryant and painter Thomas Cole in a romanticized Catskills wilderness.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
climatic anomaly
ⓘ
historical event ⓘ weather disaster ⓘ |
| follows | 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora ⓘ |
| hasAlternativeName |
Eighteen Hundred and Froze to Death
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Poverty Year NERFINISHED ⓘ The Year Without a Summer NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasCause |
1815 eruption of Mount Tambora
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
reduced solar radiation reaching Earth’s surface ⓘ volcanic aerosols in the atmosphere ⓘ |
| hasEffect |
cholera outbreaks in India
ⓘ
crop failures in New England ⓘ crop failures in parts of Europe ⓘ cultural responses in literature and art ⓘ disruption of traditional agricultural cycles ⓘ drought in some regions of India ⓘ economic hardship for farmers ⓘ famine in some regions ⓘ flooding of the Yangtze Valley ⓘ food insecurity ⓘ food riots in Europe ⓘ food shortages ⓘ frosts during summer months ⓘ grain price increases ⓘ haze and dimmed sunlight ⓘ increased emigration from Europe ⓘ increased interest in scientific study of climate ⓘ increased mortality in some regions ⓘ inspiration for dark and apocalyptic themes in literature ⓘ livestock deaths ⓘ malnutrition in affected populations ⓘ migration from New England to the American Midwest ⓘ poor harvests in China ⓘ severe weather anomalies ⓘ snowfall in summer in some areas ⓘ social unrest ⓘ spectacular sunsets ⓘ unseasonably cold temperatures ⓘ widespread crop failures ⓘ |
| hasEndTime | 1816 ⓘ |
| hasKeyDate |
August 1816
ⓘ
July 1816 ⓘ June 1816 ⓘ |
| hasLocation |
Asia
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Europe NERFINISHED ⓘ North America NERFINISHED ⓘ Northern Hemisphere NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasStartTime | 1816 ⓘ |
| hasTemporalContext | Little Ice Age NERFINISHED ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: The Year Without a Summer of 1816 Description of subject: The Year Without a Summer of 1816 was a period of severe global climate anomalies, marked by unseasonably cold temperatures, crop failures, and food shortages, largely caused by the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.