shell model of the atomic nucleus
E476365
The shell model of the atomic nucleus is a theoretical framework that explains nuclear structure and stability by treating protons and neutrons as occupying discrete energy levels, analogous to electrons in atomic shells.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| shell model of the atomic nucleus canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4875454 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: shell model of the atomic nucleus Context triple: [Hans Jensen, notableWork, shell model of the atomic nucleus]
-
A.
Gamow–Teller theory
Gamow–Teller theory is a refinement of beta decay theory that incorporates nuclear spin and parity changes by introducing axial-vector (spin-dependent) weak interactions alongside Fermi’s vector interactions.
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B.
The Development of Nuclear Physics
"The Development of Nuclear Physics" is a historical and technical survey by physicist Rudolf Peierls that traces the emergence and maturation of nuclear physics as a scientific discipline.
-
C.
Meitner–Frisch interpretation of fission
The Meitner–Frisch interpretation of fission is the 1939 theoretical explanation by Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch that identified nuclear fission as the splitting of heavy atomic nuclei with a corresponding release of enormous energy, laying the groundwork for nuclear physics and atomic energy.
-
D.
Yukawa meson theory
Yukawa meson theory is an early quantum field theory that models the strong nuclear force as being mediated by massive mesons, introducing the concept of a short-range Yukawa potential between nucleons.
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E.
The Neutron (1932 paper)
The Neutron (1932 paper) is James Chadwick’s landmark publication that announced and characterized the neutron, fundamentally reshaping nuclear physics and earning him the Nobel Prize in Physics.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: shell model of the atomic nucleus Target entity description: The shell model of the atomic nucleus is a theoretical framework that explains nuclear structure and stability by treating protons and neutrons as occupying discrete energy levels, analogous to electrons in atomic shells.
-
A.
Gamow–Teller theory
Gamow–Teller theory is a refinement of beta decay theory that incorporates nuclear spin and parity changes by introducing axial-vector (spin-dependent) weak interactions alongside Fermi’s vector interactions.
-
B.
The Development of Nuclear Physics
"The Development of Nuclear Physics" is a historical and technical survey by physicist Rudolf Peierls that traces the emergence and maturation of nuclear physics as a scientific discipline.
-
C.
Meitner–Frisch interpretation of fission
The Meitner–Frisch interpretation of fission is the 1939 theoretical explanation by Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch that identified nuclear fission as the splitting of heavy atomic nuclei with a corresponding release of enormous energy, laying the groundwork for nuclear physics and atomic energy.
-
D.
Yukawa meson theory
Yukawa meson theory is an early quantum field theory that models the strong nuclear force as being mediated by massive mesons, introducing the concept of a short-range Yukawa potential between nucleons.
-
E.
The Neutron (1932 paper)
The Neutron (1932 paper) is James Chadwick’s landmark publication that announced and characterized the neutron, fundamentally reshaping nuclear physics and earning him the Nobel Prize in Physics.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
nuclear structure model
ⓘ
theoretical framework in nuclear physics ⓘ |
| analogousTo | electron shell model in atomic physics ⓘ |
| appliesTo | bound nucleons in a nucleus ⓘ |
| assumes |
Pauli exclusion principle for nucleons
ⓘ
independent particle motion in an average potential ⓘ |
| category | quantum mechanical model ⓘ |
| combinedWith | liquid drop model in the unified model ⓘ |
| describes |
nuclear energy levels
ⓘ
structure of atomic nuclei ⓘ |
| developedBy |
J. Hans D. Jensen
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Maria Goeppert Mayer NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| developedIn | late 1940s ⓘ |
| distinguishes | valence nucleons outside closed shells ⓘ |
| explains |
enhanced stability of certain nuclei
ⓘ
excited states of nuclei ⓘ ground-state spins of many odd-A nuclei ⓘ magic numbers in nuclei ⓘ nuclear spin and parity of ground states ⓘ odd–even staggering of nuclear binding energies ⓘ |
| field | nuclear physics ⓘ |
| hasLimitation |
less accurate for very heavy or strongly deformed nuclei
ⓘ
neglects explicit nucleon–nucleon correlations in simplest form ⓘ |
| implies |
closed shells correspond to especially stable nuclei
ⓘ
filling of nuclear shells from lowest to highest energy ⓘ |
| includes | spin–orbit coupling term ⓘ |
| influenced | development of the nuclear shell correction method ⓘ |
| mathematicallyBasedOn | Schrödinger equation for nucleons in a potential ⓘ |
| predicts |
closed-shell nuclei
ⓘ
ground-state angular momentum of many nuclei ⓘ nuclear magic numbers 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126 ⓘ nuclear shell gaps ⓘ selection rules for nuclear transitions ⓘ |
| recognizedBy | Nobel Prize in Physics 1963 for Goeppert Mayer and Jensen NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedTo | liquid drop model of the nucleus ⓘ |
| represents | nucleons by quantum numbers n, l, j, m ⓘ |
| treatsAs |
neutrons occupying discrete energy levels
ⓘ
protons occupying discrete energy levels ⓘ |
| usedFor |
calculations of nuclear magnetic moments
ⓘ
calculations of nuclear quadrupole moments ⓘ classification of nuclear energy levels ⓘ interpretation of beta decay selection rules ⓘ interpretation of gamma-ray spectra of nuclei ⓘ |
| uses |
Woods–Saxon potential in realistic calculations
ⓘ
central potential plus spin–orbit interaction ⓘ harmonic oscillator potential in simple versions ⓘ mean-field approximation ⓘ single-particle energy levels ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: shell model of the atomic nucleus Description of subject: The shell model of the atomic nucleus is a theoretical framework that explains nuclear structure and stability by treating protons and neutrons as occupying discrete energy levels, analogous to electrons in atomic shells.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.