COP21
E455107
COP21 was the pivotal 2015 United Nations climate conference in Paris at which the landmark Paris Agreement on limiting global warming was adopted.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| COP21 canonical | 2 |
| COP21 in Paris | 1 |
| Paris climate summit 2015 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4582296 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: COP21 Context triple: [21st Conference of the Parties, shortName, COP21]
-
A.
COP24
COP24 was the 24th United Nations Climate Change Conference, held in Katowice, Poland in 2018, where countries negotiated the implementation rules for the Paris Agreement.
-
B.
Glasgow Climate Pact
The Glasgow Climate Pact is an international climate agreement adopted at the 2021 UN climate summit (COP26) that strengthens global commitments to limit warming, accelerate emissions cuts, and scale up climate finance and adaptation efforts.
-
C.
Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement is a landmark international treaty under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that commits countries to limit global warming to well below 2°C, pursuing efforts to stay under 1.5°C through nationally determined emissions-reduction plans.
-
D.
UN Climate Action Summit 2019
The UN Climate Action Summit 2019 was a high-level United Nations gathering in New York aimed at accelerating global efforts to address climate change through stronger national commitments and concrete action plans.
-
E.
2014 UN Climate Summit
The 2014 UN Climate Summit was a high-level meeting convened by the United Nations in New York to galvanize global political will and commitments for an ambitious international response to climate change ahead of the Paris Agreement negotiations.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: COP21 Target entity description: COP21 was the pivotal 2015 United Nations climate conference in Paris at which the landmark Paris Agreement on limiting global warming was adopted.
-
A.
COP24
COP24 was the 24th United Nations Climate Change Conference, held in Katowice, Poland in 2018, where countries negotiated the implementation rules for the Paris Agreement.
-
B.
Glasgow Climate Pact
The Glasgow Climate Pact is an international climate agreement adopted at the 2021 UN climate summit (COP26) that strengthens global commitments to limit warming, accelerate emissions cuts, and scale up climate finance and adaptation efforts.
-
C.
Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement is a landmark international treaty under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that commits countries to limit global warming to well below 2°C, pursuing efforts to stay under 1.5°C through nationally determined emissions-reduction plans.
-
D.
UN Climate Action Summit 2019
The UN Climate Action Summit 2019 was a high-level United Nations gathering in New York aimed at accelerating global efforts to address climate change through stronger national commitments and concrete action plans.
-
E.
2014 UN Climate Summit
The 2014 UN Climate Summit was a high-level meeting convened by the United Nations in New York to galvanize global political will and commitments for an ambitious international response to climate change ahead of the Paris Agreement negotiations.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United Nations climate change conference
ⓘ
international diplomatic conference ⓘ |
| adoptedDocument | Paris Agreement NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| agreementType | legally binding international climate agreement framework ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Paris climate conference 2015
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Paris climate summit 2015 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| attendees | representatives of 196 parties to the UNFCCC ⓘ |
| chairperson | Laurent Fabius NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| country | France ⓘ |
| endDate | 2015-12-12 ⓘ |
| focus |
climate change adaptation
ⓘ
climate change mitigation ⓘ climate finance ⓘ |
| followedBy |
2016 United Nations Climate Change Conference
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
COP22 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hostCity | Paris NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hostedBy | Government of France NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hostOrganization |
French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| keyOutcome |
enhanced transparency framework for climate action
ⓘ
framework for nationally determined contributions ⓘ long-term goal of balancing emissions and removals in the second half of the 21st century ⓘ universal climate agreement involving all countries ⓘ |
| location | Paris ⓘ |
| mainGoal |
limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels
ⓘ
pursue efforts to limit temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius ⓘ |
| negotiationProcess | UNFCCC climate negotiations ⓘ |
| numberOfParties | 196 ⓘ |
| officialName | 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| organizedBy |
United Nations
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Secretariat NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| partOf | United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| precededBy |
2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
COP20 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| president | Laurent Fabius NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| resultedIn | Paris Agreement NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| seriesOrdinal | 21st Conference of the Parties NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| shortName | COP21 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| startDate | 2015-11-30 ⓘ |
| subject |
greenhouse gas emissions reduction
ⓘ
loss and damage associated with climate change impacts ⓘ nationally determined contributions ⓘ |
| timePeriod |
December 2015
ⓘ
November 2015 ⓘ |
| topic |
global climate governance
ⓘ
low-carbon transition ⓘ sustainable development ⓘ |
| venue | Le Bourget conference center NERFINISHED ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: COP21 Description of subject: COP21 was the pivotal 2015 United Nations climate conference in Paris at which the landmark Paris Agreement on limiting global warming was adopted.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Paris climate summit 2015
this entity surface form:
COP21 in Paris