Messier 82
E453102
Messier 82, also known as the Cigar Galaxy, is a nearby starburst galaxy in Ursa Major undergoing intense star formation and strong galactic winds.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Messier 82 canonical | 3 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4531643 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Messier 82 Context triple: [M81 Group, containsGalaxy, Messier 82]
-
A.
Messier 81
Messier 81 is a prominent, nearby grand-design spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major, notable for its brightness and well-defined structure.
-
B.
NGC 2403
NGC 2403 is a nearby spiral galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis, notable for its active star formation and numerous observed supernovae.
-
C.
NGC 6822
NGC 6822 is a barred irregular dwarf galaxy located in the constellation Sagittarius and is one of the nearest and best-studied galaxies outside the Milky Way.
-
D.
Triangulum Galaxy
The Triangulum Galaxy is a nearby spiral galaxy in the Local Group, notable as one of the closest large galaxies to the Milky Way and a companion to the Andromeda Galaxy.
-
E.
Messier 8
Messier 8, also known as the Lagoon Nebula, is a large, bright emission nebula and active star-forming region visible in the constellation Sagittarius.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Messier 82 Target entity description: Messier 82, also known as the Cigar Galaxy, is a nearby starburst galaxy in Ursa Major undergoing intense star formation and strong galactic winds.
-
A.
Messier 81
Messier 81 is a prominent, nearby grand-design spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major, notable for its brightness and well-defined structure.
-
B.
NGC 2403
NGC 2403 is a nearby spiral galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis, notable for its active star formation and numerous observed supernovae.
-
C.
NGC 6822
NGC 6822 is a barred irregular dwarf galaxy located in the constellation Sagittarius and is one of the nearest and best-studied galaxies outside the Milky Way.
-
D.
Triangulum Galaxy
The Triangulum Galaxy is a nearby spiral galaxy in the Local Group, notable as one of the closest large galaxies to the Milky Way and a companion to the Andromeda Galaxy.
-
E.
Messier 8
Messier 8, also known as the Lagoon Nebula, is a large, bright emission nebula and active star-forming region visible in the constellation Sagittarius.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Type Ia supernova
ⓘ
astronomical object ⓘ galaxy ⓘ starburst galaxy ⓘ |
| absoluteMagnitudeV | -20.0 ⓘ |
| addedToMessierCatalogueBy | Charles Messier NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Cigar Galaxy
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
M82 NERFINISHED ⓘ NGC 3034 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| angularSize_arcminutes | 11.2 × 4.3 ⓘ |
| apparentMagnitudeV | 8.4 ⓘ |
| belongsToGalaxyGroup | M81 Group NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| catalogNumber | M82 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| centralRegionDominatedBy | intense star formation ⓘ |
| declination | +69° 40′ 46″ ⓘ |
| diameter_lightYears | 37000 ⓘ |
| discoveredBy | Johann Elert Bode NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| discoveryYear |
1774
ⓘ
2014 ⓘ |
| distanceFromEarth_lightYears | 12000000 ⓘ |
| distanceFromEarth_megaparsecs | 3.6 ⓘ |
| emitsStronglyIn |
X-ray
ⓘ
infrared ⓘ radio ⓘ |
| equatorialCoordinateSystem | J2000 ⓘ |
| galacticLatitude_deg | 40.57 ⓘ |
| galacticLongitude_deg | 141.41 ⓘ |
| hasGalacticSuperwind | true ⓘ |
| hasNuclearRegion | yes ⓘ |
| hasStarburstActivity | true ⓘ |
| hasSupernova | SN 2014J NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| interactsGravitationallyWith | Messier 81 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| isNearestStarburstGalaxyTo | Milky Way NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| locatedInConstellation | Ursa Major NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| mass_solarMasses | 10000000000 ⓘ |
| memberOf | Messier catalogue NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| morphologicalType |
Irr II
ⓘ
starburst ⓘ |
| ngcNumber | NGC 3034 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| nuclearRegionContains | massive young star clusters ⓘ |
| observedBy |
Chandra X-ray Observatory
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Hubble Space Telescope NERFINISHED ⓘ Spitzer Space Telescope NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| observedEdgeOn | true ⓘ |
| occurredInGalaxy | Messier 82 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| partOfSkyArea | near the bowl of the Big Dipper ⓘ |
| radialVelocity_km_per_s | 203 ⓘ |
| redshift | 0.000677 ⓘ |
| rightAscension | 09h 55m 52.7s ⓘ |
| starFormationRate_solarMassesPerYear | 10 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Messier 82 Description of subject: Messier 82, also known as the Cigar Galaxy, is a nearby starburst galaxy in Ursa Major undergoing intense star formation and strong galactic winds.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.