Ijma

E43187

Ijma is an Islamic legal principle referring to the consensus of qualified scholars on a religious or legal issue, serving as a source of Sharia alongside the Quran and Sunnah.


Statements (47)
Predicate Object
instanceOf Islamic legal principle
principle of Usul al‑Fiqh
source of Islamic law
aimsTo preserve doctrinal and legal unity of the Muslim community
appliesTo legal issues
religious issues
basedOn hadith about the community not agreeing on misguidance
consideredSourceAlongside Quran
Sunnah
contrastedWith individual opinion (ra’y)
isolated scholarly view (shadh opinion)
definedAs consensus of qualified scholars on a religious or legal issue
disputedBy Zahiri school
some Shia scholars
epistemicStatus considered to yield certainty (yaqin) by many Sunni usulis
hasCondition must not contradict Quran
must not contradict authentic Sunnah
hasEffect closes further ijtihad on that specific issue in many views
makes ruling binding on the community
hasHistoricalDevelopment systematized by early Sunni jurists such as al‑Shafi‘i
hasMeaning consensus
hasRole deriving legal rulings
providing certainty in law
resolving new legal issues
hasType explicit consensus
local consensus
tacit consensus
universal consensus
languageOfOrigin Arabic
normativeStatus authoritative proof in Sunni legal theory
partOf Usul al‑Fiqh
rankInSourcesOfLaw third after Quran and Sunnah in Sunni Islam
recognizedBy Sunni Islam
many classical Muslim jurists
relatedConcept Ijtihad
Qiyas
requires agreement of qualified mujtahids
knowledge of all relevant scholarly opinions in its scope
scope can be limited to scholars of a particular era
can be limited to scholars of a particular region according to some views
usedBy Muslim jurists
fuqaha
mujtahids
usedFor extending rulings to new circumstances
interpreting ambiguous texts
usedIn Islamic jurisprudence
Sharia

Referenced by (1)
Subject (surface form when different) Predicate
Qiyas
distinguishedFrom

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