James McCulloch
E40566
James McCulloch was the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the Second Bank of the United States whose actions led to the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland, which defined federal supremacy and implied powers.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| James McCulloch canonical | 4 |
| James Ramsay McCulloch | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T204559 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: James McCulloch Context triple: [McCulloch v. Maryland, plaintiff, James McCulloch]
-
A.
Robert Morris
Robert Morris was a Founding Father of the United States and its chief financier during the American Revolution, playing a crucial role in funding the Continental Army and shaping the new nation's economic foundations.
-
B.
Alexander J. Dallas
Alexander J. Dallas was an American lawyer, journalist, and statesman who became the first official Reporter of Decisions for the U.S. Supreme Court and later served as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury under President James Madison.
-
C.
John Mitchell
John Mitchell was the U.S. Attorney General under President Richard Nixon and a central figure in the Watergate scandal.
-
D.
Charles Thomson
Charles Thomson was an American patriot and political leader best known for serving as the long-time secretary of the Continental Congress during the American Revolution.
-
E.
James McHenry
James McHenry was an American statesman, physician, Revolutionary War surgeon, and U.S. Secretary of War under Presidents George Washington and John Adams.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: James McCulloch Target entity description: James McCulloch was the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the Second Bank of the United States whose actions led to the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland, which defined federal supremacy and implied powers.
-
A.
Robert Morris
Robert Morris was a Founding Father of the United States and its chief financier during the American Revolution, playing a crucial role in funding the Continental Army and shaping the new nation's economic foundations.
-
B.
Alexander J. Dallas
Alexander J. Dallas was an American lawyer, journalist, and statesman who became the first official Reporter of Decisions for the U.S. Supreme Court and later served as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury under President James Madison.
-
C.
John Mitchell
John Mitchell was the U.S. Attorney General under President Richard Nixon and a central figure in the Watergate scandal.
-
D.
Charles Thomson
Charles Thomson was an American patriot and political leader best known for serving as the long-time secretary of the Continental Congress during the American Revolution.
-
E.
James McHenry
James McHenry was an American statesman, physician, Revolutionary War surgeon, and U.S. Secretary of War under Presidents George Washington and John Adams.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (25)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
bank cashier
ⓘ
person ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
Baltimore branch of the Second Bank of the United States
ⓘ
Second Bank of the United States ⓘ |
| causeOfNotability | his actions led to a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision on federal power ⓘ |
| countryOfCitizenship |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| employer | Second Bank of the United States ⓘ |
| fieldOfWork | banking ⓘ |
| hasLegalConsequence |
affirmation of federal supremacy over conflicting state laws
ⓘ
establishment of the doctrine of implied powers under the U.S. Constitution ⓘ |
| hasNameInCaseTitle | McCulloch v. Maryland ⓘ |
| jurisdictionOfActivity |
Maryland
ⓘ
surface form:
State of Maryland
|
| legalIssueInvolved |
constitutionality of a state tax on a federal bank
ⓘ
federal supremacy over the states ⓘ scope of implied powers of the federal government ⓘ |
| mentionedIn | opinions and histories of the U.S. Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland ⓘ |
| notableEvent | refusal to pay Maryland’s tax on the Baltimore branch of the Second Bank of the United States ⓘ |
| notableFor | being the named party in the U.S. Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland ⓘ |
| occupation | cashier ⓘ |
| opposedBy |
Maryland
ⓘ
surface form:
State of Maryland
|
| participantIn | McCulloch v. Maryland ⓘ |
| positionHeld | cashier of the Baltimore branch of the Second Bank of the United States ⓘ |
| roleInEvent | defendant in McCulloch v. Maryland ⓘ |
| timePeriod | early 19th century ⓘ |
| workLocation |
Baltimore
ⓘ
surface form:
Baltimore, Maryland
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: James McCulloch Description of subject: James McCulloch was the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the Second Bank of the United States whose actions led to the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland, which defined federal supremacy and implied powers.
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
James Ramsay McCulloch