Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure

E403342

Rule of civil procedure United States federal procedural rule

Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure is the provision that sets out special pleading requirements in U.S. federal civil cases, including heightened specificity for matters such as fraud, mistake, and special damages.

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All labels observed (4)

Label	Occurrences
Fed. R. Civ. P. 9	1
Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure canonical	1
Rule 9(d)	1
Rule 9(f)	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3982275 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
Context triple: [Rule 8, relatedTo, Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure]

A. United States Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
The United States Federal Rules of Civil Procedure are a comprehensive set of rules governing civil litigation in U.S. federal courts, shaping how lawsuits are filed, conducted, and resolved.
B. Rule 56
Rule 56 is the provision in the U.S. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure that governs summary judgment, allowing courts to decide cases without trial when there is no genuine dispute of material fact.
C. Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure for appeals from district courts
The Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure for appeals from district courts are a set of nationwide procedural rules that govern how cases are taken from U.S. federal trial courts to the federal courts of appeals, including requirements for notices of appeal, briefs, records, and motions.
D. Revised Rules of Civil Procedure
The Revised Rules of Civil Procedure is a codified set of procedural rules governing how civil cases are filed, tried, and resolved in Philippine courts.
E. Rule 610
Rule 610 is a provision in the rules of evidence that governs the admissibility of a witness’s religious beliefs or opinions, generally prohibiting their use to attack or support the witness’s credibility.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
Target entity description: Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure is the provision that sets out special pleading requirements in U.S. federal civil cases, including heightened specificity for matters such as fraud, mistake, and special damages.

A. United States Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
The United States Federal Rules of Civil Procedure are a comprehensive set of rules governing civil litigation in U.S. federal courts, shaping how lawsuits are filed, conducted, and resolved.
B. Rule 56
Rule 56 is the provision in the U.S. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure that governs summary judgment, allowing courts to decide cases without trial when there is no genuine dispute of material fact.
C. Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure for appeals from district courts
The Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure for appeals from district courts are a set of nationwide procedural rules that govern how cases are taken from U.S. federal trial courts to the federal courts of appeals, including requirements for notices of appeal, briefs, records, and motions.
D. Revised Rules of Civil Procedure
The Revised Rules of Civil Procedure is a codified set of procedural rules governing how civil cases are filed, tried, and resolved in Philippine courts.
E. Rule 610
Rule 610 is a provision in the rules of evidence that governs the admissibility of a witness’s religious beliefs or opinions, generally prohibiting their use to attack or support the witness’s credibility.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (51)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Rule of civil procedure ⓘ United States federal procedural rule ⓘ
allows	a party to raise capacity or authority by specific denial ⓘ a pleading to designate a claim as an admiralty or maritime claim ⓘ general averment that all conditions precedent have occurred or been performed ⓘ pleading a judgment or decision of a domestic or foreign court, judicial or quasi-judicial tribunal, or board or officer without showing jurisdiction to render it ⓘ pleading that an official document or act was done in compliance with law ⓘ
appliesTo	answers ⓘ complaints ⓘ other pleadings asserting claims or defenses ⓘ
bindingOn	litigants in U.S. federal civil actions ⓘ
citationForm	Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Fed. R. Civ. P. 9
containsSubdivision	Rule 9(a) ⓘ Rule 9(b) ⓘ Rule 9 ⓘ surface form: Rule 9(c) Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Rule 9(d) Rule 9(e) ⓘ Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Rule 9(f) Rule 9(g) ⓘ Rule 9 ⓘ surface form: Rule 9(h) Rule 9(i) ⓘ
effect	invokes special procedures and rules applicable to admiralty or maritime claims ⓘ
enforcedBy	United States district courts ⓘ
governs	pleadings in U.S. federal civil cases ⓘ
jurisdiction	U.S. federal courts ⓘ surface form: United States federal courts
legalDomain	civil procedure ⓘ
partOf	United States Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ⓘ surface form: Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
primaryFunction	set out special pleading requirements ⓘ
providesThat	a party need not plead a party’s authority to sue or be sued in a representative capacity ⓘ a party need not plead a party’s capacity to sue or be sued ⓘ a party need not plead the legal existence of an organized association of persons that is made a party ⓘ allegations of time and place are material for testing the sufficiency of a pleading ⓘ malice, intent, knowledge, and other conditions of a person’s mind may be alleged generally ⓘ
purpose	to provide defendants with sufficient notice of fraud or mistake claims ⓘ
relationshipToRule8	supplements general pleading standards of Rule 8 with special requirements ⓘ
requires	a party to specifically deny noncompliance if it is contested ⓘ a party to state with particularity the circumstances constituting fraud or mistake ⓘ denial of performance or occurrence of a condition precedent to be made with particularity ⓘ special damages to be specifically stated ⓘ
requiresHeightenedPleadingFor	fraud ⓘ mistake ⓘ
requiresSpecificityFor	special damages ⓘ
subjectMatter	admiralty or maritime claim ⓘ capacity or authority to sue or be sued ⓘ conditions precedent ⓘ fraud or mistake ⓘ judgment ⓘ official document or act ⓘ special damages ⓘ statutory conditions precedent in actions for review on an administrative record ⓘ time and place ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (4)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Rule 8 → relatedTo → Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ⓘ

Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure → citationForm → Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fed. R. Civ. P. 9

Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure → containsSubdivision → Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Rule 9(d)

Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure → containsSubdivision → Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Rule 9(f)

All labels observed (4)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (51)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (4)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited