Arian controversy

E396296

4th-century religious conflict Christian doctrinal dispute theological controversy

The Arian controversy was a major 4th-century Christian theological dispute over the nature of Christ’s divinity and his relationship to God the Father, which led to deep divisions in the early Church and the formulation of key doctrines at councils such as Nicaea.

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All labels observed (5)

Label	Occurrences
Arian controversy canonical	21
Arian party in the Eastern Roman Empire	1
Arian–Nicene theological controversy	1
Nicene–Arian controversy	1
Nicene–Arian theological debates	1

Statements (64)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	4th-century religious conflict ⓘ Christian doctrinal dispute ⓘ theological controversy ⓘ
associatedDoctrine	Arianism ⓘ homoiousios ⓘ homoousios ⓘ subordinationism ⓘ
centralQuestion	relationship of God the Son to God the Father ⓘ whether the Son is co-eternal with the Father ⓘ whether the Son is of the same substance as the Father ⓘ
doctrinalOutcome	Nicene Creed ⓘ surface form: Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed definition of orthodox Christology in mainstream Christianity ⓘ
followedBy	Christological controversies of the 5th century ⓘ Pneumatomachian controversy ⓘ
historicalContext	Christianization of the Roman Empire ⓘ Christianization of the Roman Empire ⓘ surface form: Constantinian shift
influenced	church-state relations in the Roman Empire ⓘ development of Trinitarian doctrine ⓘ later Christological debates ⓘ
involvesBeliefAbout	creation of the Son ⓘ divinity of Christ ⓘ eternity of the Son ⓘ
keyTerm	anomoios (unlike) ⓘ homoiousios (similar substance) ⓘ homoousios (same substance) ⓘ ousia ⓘ
location	Alexandria ⓘ Byzantine Empire ⓘ surface form: Eastern Roman Empire Nicaea ⓘ
mainTopic	Arianism ⓘ Christology ⓘ Trinitarian doctrine ⓘ
opposedDoctrine	Nicene Christianity ⓘ surface form: Nicene orthodoxy Trinitarianism ⓘ
positionAffirmedByOpponents	the Son is begotten not made ⓘ the Son is consubstantial with the Father ⓘ
positionRejected	the Son is a created being ⓘ the Son is not co-eternal with the Father ⓘ
principalFigure	Alexander of Alexandria ⓘ Arius ⓘ surface form: Arius of Alexandria Athanasius of Alexandria ⓘ Basil of Caesarea ⓘ Constantine I ⓘ surface form: Emperor Constantine I Constantius II ⓘ surface form: Emperor Constantius II Eusebius of Caesarea ⓘ Eusebius of Nicomedia ⓘ Gregory of Nazianzus ⓘ Gregory of Nyssa ⓘ
religiousTradition	Christianity ⓘ
result	affirmation of the consubstantiality of the Son with the Father ⓘ condemnation of Arianism at Nicaea ⓘ deep divisions within the early Church ⓘ formulation of the Nicene Creed ⓘ imperial involvement in doctrinal decisions ⓘ
significantEvent	First Council of Constantinople ⓘ surface form: Council of Constantinople (381) Council of Rimini ⓘ Council of Seleucia ⓘ surface form: Council of Seleucia (359) Council of Sirmium ⓘ Council of Tyre (335) ⓘ First Council of Nicaea ⓘ Synod of Alexandria (321) ⓘ
startPoint	early 4th century ⓘ
timePeriod	4th century ⓘ late antiquity ⓘ

Referenced by (25)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Orations → historicalContext → Arian controversy ⓘ

Bishop of Sasima → establishedInPeriod → Arian controversy ⓘ

Festal Letters → theologicalContext → Arian controversy ⓘ

Against Eunomius → mainSubject → Arian controversy ⓘ

Eunomianism → controversy → Arian controversy ⓘ

this entity surface form: Nicene–Arian controversy

Son of God → debatedIn → Arian controversy ⓘ

Pope Liberius → conflict → Arian controversy ⓘ

Church of the Roman Empire → experiencedEvent → Arian controversy ⓘ

Bishop of Sirmium → associatedWith → Arian controversy ⓘ

this entity surface form: Nicene–Arian theological debates

Serdica → councilConcernedWith → Arian controversy ⓘ

Eusebius of Nicomedia → influenced → Arian controversy ⓘ

this entity surface form: Arian party in the Eastern Roman Empire

Council of Sirmium → partOf → Arian controversy ⓘ

Council of Seleucia → partOf → Arian controversy ⓘ

Council of Rimini → partOf → Arian controversy ⓘ

Council of Rimini → hasCause → Arian controversy ⓘ

Meletian schism → hasCause → Arian controversy ⓘ

Nestorian controversy → precededBy → Arian controversy ⓘ

Council of Antioch → mainTopic → Arian controversy ⓘ

subject surface form: Council of Antioch (341)

Eudoxius of Antioch → participatedIn → Arian controversy ⓘ

St. Cyril of Jerusalem → participatedIn → Arian controversy ⓘ

late Roman Christianity → associatedWith → Arian controversy ⓘ

Christianization of the Visigoths → relatedTo → Arian controversy ⓘ

this entity surface form: Arian–Nicene theological controversy

Homoousian theology → developedInResponseTo → Arian controversy ⓘ

Homoiousian theology → developedInContextOf → Arian controversy ⓘ