Gaia hypothesis

E37744

The Gaia hypothesis is a scientific theory proposing that Earth’s living organisms and their inorganic surroundings interact to form a self-regulating, complex system that helps maintain conditions suitable for life.


Statements (53)
Predicate Object
instanceOf Earth system science concept
ecological theory
environmental philosophy concept
scientific hypothesis
associatedWith James Lovelock’s atmospheric research
Lynn Margulis’s work on symbiosis
coDevelopedBy Lynn Margulis
criticizedBy some climatologists
some evolutionary biologists
criticizedFor organismic metaphors
teleological implications
DaisyworldModelUsedFor illustrating climate self-regulation by life
defendedBy James Lovelock
Lynn Margulis
developedBy James Lovelock
emphasizes feedback loops between life and environment
self-regulation of planetary conditions
field Earth system science
climatology
ecology
environmental science
geophysiology
philosophy of biology
firstFormulatedBy James Lovelock
focusesOn interaction between biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere
hasModel Daisyworld model
hasVersion strong Gaia hypothesis
weak Gaia hypothesis
influenced Earth system science
deep ecology movement
environmental ethics
global change research
sustainability discourse
influencedBy cybernetics
ecology
systems theory
namedAfter Gaia
Greek personification of Earth
originatedIn 1960s
proposes Earth and its biosphere form a self-regulating system
Earth maintains conditions suitable for life through feedback mechanisms
living organisms interact with inorganic surroundings to regulate Earth’s environment
publication Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth
publicationAuthor James Lovelock
publicationYear 1979
relatedTo biogeochemical cycles
carbon cycle regulation
climate regulation by life
homeostasis
planetary habitability
status influential but controversial in mainstream science
strongVersionClaims Earth behaves like a single living organism
weakVersionClaims life significantly influences Earth’s environment


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