Rule of Four

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The Rule of Four refers to the system of government established by the Roman emperor Diocletian in which the empire was jointly ruled by two senior emperors (Augusti) and two junior emperors (Caesares).

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Statements (45)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Roman imperial administrative system
system of government
administrativeFeature regional military commands
separate imperial courts
territorial division of authority
alsoKnownAs Diocletian's Tetrarchy
surface form: Tetrarchy
appliesTo Roman Empire
coreIdea collegial rule
orderly imperial succession
dividesEmpireInto Byzantine Empire
surface form: Eastern Roman Empire

Western Roman Empire
firstCaesarInEast Galerius
firstCaesarInWest Constantius Chlorus
firstCoAugustus Maximian
firstSeniorEmperor Diocletian
followedBy Constantinian dynasty
civil wars of the early 4th century
geopoliticalContext internal instability of the 3rd century crisis
threats on multiple frontiers
governanceModel regionalized rule under unified empire
shared imperial authority
governingPrinciple hierarchical senior-junior relationship
power-sharing among four emperors
hasComponentOffice Augustus
Caesar
hasJuniorTitle Caesar
hasLanguageOrigin Greek term "tetrarchia"
hasNumberOfAugusti 2
hasNumberOfCaesares 2
hasNumberOfRulers 4
hasPurpose defense of multiple frontiers
more efficient administration of the Roman Empire
stabilization of imperial succession
hasSeniorTitle Augustus
historicalPeriod Late Antiquity
surface form: Late Roman Empire
introducedBy Diocletian
legalStatus imperial reform
partOf Diocletian's Tetrarchy
surface form: Diocletianic reforms
politicalSystemType autocratic monarchy
collegial emperorship
precededBy principate
startTime 293
successionPlan Caesares succeed Augusti
timePeriod early 4th century
late 3rd century

Referenced by (1)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.