Pope Nicholas II
E360403
Pope Nicholas II was an 11th-century pope known for initiating key church reforms that strengthened papal authority and helped lay the groundwork for the Gregorian Reform movement.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Pope Nicholas II canonical | 5 |
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Pope
ⓘ
human ⓘ |
| allianceWith | Norman princes in southern Italy ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Gerard de Bourgogne
ⓘ
Nicolaus II ⓘ |
| appointedBy | reform party of the Roman clergy ⓘ |
| associatedWithMovement | Gregorian Reform ⓘ |
| authorityStrengthened | centralization of papal power in church governance ⓘ |
| birthName | Gerard of Burgundy ⓘ |
| birthPlace |
Burgundian Kingdom (early phase)
ⓘ
surface form:
Kingdom of Burgundy
Savoy ⓘ |
| burialPlace | Florence ⓘ |
| conflictWith | Antipope Benedict X ⓘ |
| countryOfCitizenship | Holy Roman Empire ⓘ |
| dateOfBirth |
circa 990
ⓘ
late 10th century ⓘ |
| dateOfDeath | 27 July 1061 ⓘ |
| dateOfIssue | 1059 ⓘ |
| deathPlace |
Florence
ⓘ
Republic of Florence ⓘ |
| diocese | Diocese of Rome ⓘ |
| era | 11th century ⓘ |
| InNomineDominiContent | reserved primary role in papal elections to the cardinal-bishops ⓘ |
| InNomineDominiEffect |
reduced direct control of the Holy Roman Emperor over papal elections
ⓘ
reduced influence of Roman nobility in papal elections ⓘ |
| issuedDocument | In Nomine Domini ⓘ |
| knownFor |
initiating church reforms that strengthened papal authority
ⓘ
laying groundwork for the Gregorian Reform ⓘ reforming papal election procedures ⓘ |
| legacy |
established cardinal-bishops as principal electors of the pope
ⓘ
helped define later medieval papal monarchy ⓘ |
| memberOf | College of Cardinals ⓘ |
| opposedPractice | lay investiture ⓘ |
| papacyEnd | 27 July 1061 ⓘ |
| papacyStart | 6 December 1058 ⓘ |
| policy |
combating simony
ⓘ
promoting clerical celibacy ⓘ strengthening independence of the papacy from secular rulers ⓘ |
| positionHeld |
Pope
ⓘ
surface form:
Bishop of Rome
Sovereign of the Papal States ⓘ |
| predecessor | Pope Stephen IX ⓘ |
| religion |
Roman Catholicism
ⓘ
surface form:
Catholic Church
|
| successor | Pope Alexander II ⓘ |
| supportedBy |
Duke Godfrey the Bearded
ⓘ
Norman states in Southern Italy ⓘ
surface form:
Normans of southern Italy
|
| treaty | Treaty of Melfi ⓘ |
| TreatyOfMelfiDate | 1059 ⓘ |
| TreatyOfMelfiEffect |
recognized Robert Guiscard as Duke of Apulia, Calabria and future Sicily
ⓘ
secured Norman military protection for the papacy ⓘ |
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.