Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
E33750
The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula canonical | 2 |
| Nishijima–Gell-Mann formula | 1 |
| hypercharge–isospin relation | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T259589 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula Context triple: [Murray Gell-Mann, knownFor, Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula]
-
A.
Feynman–Hellmann theorem
The Feynman–Hellmann theorem is a result in quantum mechanics that relates the derivative of an energy eigenvalue with respect to a parameter in the Hamiltonian to the expectation value of the corresponding derivative of the Hamiltonian.
-
B.
Dirac equation
The Dirac equation is a fundamental relativistic wave equation in quantum mechanics that describes spin-½ particles such as electrons and predicts phenomena like antimatter.
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C.
Noether's theorem
Noether's theorem is a fundamental result in theoretical physics and mathematics that links continuous symmetries of a physical system to corresponding conservation laws, such as energy or momentum conservation.
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D.
Murray Gell-Mann
Murray Gell-Mann was an American physicist best known for developing the quark model of subatomic particles and receiving the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics.
-
E.
Z boson
The Z boson is a neutral elementary particle that mediates the weak nuclear force and plays a central role in the electroweak theory of particle physics.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula Target entity description: The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
-
A.
Feynman–Hellmann theorem
The Feynman–Hellmann theorem is a result in quantum mechanics that relates the derivative of an energy eigenvalue with respect to a parameter in the Hamiltonian to the expectation value of the corresponding derivative of the Hamiltonian.
-
B.
Dirac equation
The Dirac equation is a fundamental relativistic wave equation in quantum mechanics that describes spin-½ particles such as electrons and predicts phenomena like antimatter.
-
C.
Noether's theorem
Noether's theorem is a fundamental result in theoretical physics and mathematics that links continuous symmetries of a physical system to corresponding conservation laws, such as energy or momentum conservation.
-
D.
Murray Gell-Mann
Murray Gell-Mann was an American physicist best known for developing the quark model of subatomic particles and receiving the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics.
-
E.
Z boson
The Z boson is a neutral elementary particle that mediates the weak nuclear force and plays a central role in the electroweak theory of particle physics.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (42)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
physical law
ⓘ
relation in particle physics ⓘ |
| alternativeForm | Q = I3 + (B + S)/2 ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
baryons
ⓘ
hadrons ⓘ mesons ⓘ |
| assumes | isospin SU(2) symmetry ⓘ |
| category | conservation law relation ⓘ |
| connects |
electric charge
ⓘ
hypercharge ⓘ isospin ⓘ |
| field | particle physics ⓘ |
| framework | hadron spectroscopy ⓘ |
| generalizedIn | flavor SU(3) symmetry ⓘ |
| helpsExplain |
charge patterns of hadron multiplets
ⓘ
structure of isospin multiplets ⓘ |
| historicalContext | developed before full quark model ⓘ |
| hyperchargeDefinition | Y = B + S + C + B′ + T ⓘ |
| implies | quantization of electric charge in hadrons ⓘ |
| includesQuantumNumber |
baryon number B
ⓘ
bottomness B′ ⓘ charm C ⓘ strangeness S ⓘ topness T ⓘ |
| mathematicalForm | Q = I3 + Y/2 ⓘ |
| namedAfter |
Kazuhiko Nishijima
ⓘ
Murray Gell-Mann ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
electric charge
ⓘ
hypercharge ⓘ isospin ⓘ quark flavor quantum numbers ⓘ |
| relatesQuantity |
electric charge Q
ⓘ
third component of isospin I3 ⓘ weak hypercharge Y ⓘ |
| status | standard relation in the quark model ⓘ |
| usedFor | classification of hadrons ⓘ |
| usedIn |
classification of baryon octet
ⓘ
classification of meson octet ⓘ quark model ⓘ |
| usedToDetermine |
electric charge from quantum numbers
ⓘ
hypercharge from observed charges and isospin ⓘ |
| validFor | strongly interacting particles ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula Description of subject: The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Nishijima–Gell-Mann formula
this entity surface form:
hypercharge–isospin relation