Holofernes
E334869
Holofernes is a biblical Assyrian general best known as the victim of Judith’s beheading in the deuterocanonical Book of Judith, a scene frequently depicted in Western art.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Holofernes canonical | 7 |
| Holofernes is an Assyrian general | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3186187 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Holofernes Context triple: [Judith Beheading Holofernes, depicts, Holofernes]
-
A.
Euphorbus
Euphorbus is a Trojan warrior in Greek mythology, noted for wounding Patroclus during the Trojan War before the latter was finally slain.
-
B.
Bardiya
Bardiya was a son of the Achaemenid ruler Cyrus the Great who briefly and controversially claimed the Persian throne in the late 6th century BCE.
-
C.
Shammah
Shammah is a lesser-known son of Jesse mentioned in the Bible, traditionally recognized as one of King David’s older brothers.
-
D.
Artemios
Artemios is the given first name of Greek singer Demis Roussos, an internationally renowned pop and rock vocalist.
-
E.
Lebbaeus
Lebbaeus is an alternative name traditionally associated with the apostle Thaddaeus, one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus in the New Testament.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Holofernes Target entity description: Holofernes is a biblical Assyrian general best known as the victim of Judith’s beheading in the deuterocanonical Book of Judith, a scene frequently depicted in Western art.
-
A.
Euphorbus
Euphorbus is a Trojan warrior in Greek mythology, noted for wounding Patroclus during the Trojan War before the latter was finally slain.
-
B.
Bardiya
Bardiya was a son of the Achaemenid ruler Cyrus the Great who briefly and controversially claimed the Persian throne in the late 6th century BCE.
-
C.
Shammah
Shammah is a lesser-known son of Jesse mentioned in the Bible, traditionally recognized as one of King David’s older brothers.
-
D.
Artemios
Artemios is the given first name of Greek singer Demis Roussos, an internationally renowned pop and rock vocalist.
-
E.
Lebbaeus
Lebbaeus is an alternative name traditionally associated with the apostle Thaddaeus, one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus in the New Testament.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (43)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Assyrian general
ⓘ
biblical figure ⓘ fictional character ⓘ |
| appearsIn | Book of Judith ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
Assyrian siege of Bethulia
ⓘ
surface form:
siege of Bethulia
|
| associatedWithEvent | Judith’s beheading of Holofernes ⓘ |
| commanded | Assyrian forces against Bethulia ⓘ |
| deathCause | beheading ⓘ |
| depictedInWork |
Judith Beheading Holofernes
ⓘ
surface form:
Judith Beheading Holofernes (Caravaggio)
Judith Slaying Holofernes (Artemisia Gentileschi) ⓘ Judith and Holofernes (Botticelli, workshop) ⓘ Judith and Holofernes ⓘ
surface form:
Judith and Holofernes (Donatello)
Judith with the Head of Holofernes by Giorgione or Titian ⓘ
surface form:
Judith and Holofernes (Giorgione, attributed)
Judith and Holofernes (Tintoretto) ⓘ Judith with the Head of Holofernes ⓘ
surface form:
Judith with the Head of Holofernes (Lucas Cranach the Elder)
|
| describedAs | Assyrian general in the Book of Judith ⓘ |
| employer |
Nebuchadnezzar II
ⓘ
surface form:
Nebuchadnezzar II (as depicted in the Book of Judith)
|
| frequentlyDepictedIn | Western art ⓘ |
| gender | male ⓘ |
| headDisplayedIn |
Bethulia
ⓘ
surface form:
Bethulia (as sign of deliverance, in the narrative)
|
| iconographicTheme |
Judith beheading Holofernes
ⓘ
Judith with the Head of Holofernes ⓘ
surface form:
Judith with the head of Holofernes
|
| influenceOnCulture |
inspired Baroque paintings and sculptures
ⓘ
inspired numerous Renaissance artworks ⓘ used as a motif of divine justice in art and literature ⓘ |
| killedBy | Judith ⓘ |
| languageOfName | Hebrew (biblical text tradition) ⓘ |
| literaryGenre | deuterocanonical narrative ⓘ |
| narrativeFunction | foil to Judith’s courage and piety ⓘ |
| narrativeOutcome | killed while drunk in his tent by Judith ⓘ |
| notableFor | being beheaded by Judith ⓘ |
| opponent |
Bethulia
ⓘ
Judith ⓘ |
| portrayedAs |
arrogant and overconfident
ⓘ
powerful military leader ⓘ |
| religiousTradition |
Christianity
ⓘ
Judaism ⓘ |
| roleInNarrative | enemy general threatening Israel ⓘ |
| scripturalStatus |
apocryphal character in many Protestant traditions
ⓘ
deuterocanonical character in Catholic and Orthodox canons ⓘ |
| servesAs | commander of Nebuchadnezzar’s army ⓘ |
| symbolicMeaning |
represents enemies of God’s people
ⓘ
represents tyrannical oppression in Christian exegesis ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Holofernes Description of subject: Holofernes is a biblical Assyrian general best known as the victim of Judith’s beheading in the deuterocanonical Book of Judith, a scene frequently depicted in Western art.
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Holofernes is an Assyrian general