Multi-Fibre Arrangement

E318633

The Multi-Fibre Arrangement was an international trade framework that regulated and restricted textile and clothing exports from developing to developed countries through a system of quotas from the 1970s until its phase-out under WTO rules.

All labels observed (1)

Label Occurrences
Multi-Fibre Arrangement canonical 4

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (49)

Predicate Object
instanceOf international trade agreement
textile trade regime
administeredBy signatory governments through bilateral agreements
alsoKnownAs MFA
appliesTo certain clothing and apparel products
clothing
cotton textiles
man-made fibre textiles
textiles
wool textiles
basedOn quantitative restrictions
countryInvolved Canada
European Economic Community
Japan
United States of America
surface form: United States

developing exporting countries in Africa
developing exporting countries in Asia
developing exporting countries in Latin America
criticizedFor being protectionist
discriminating against developing countries
inconsistency with general GATT principles
endTime 2005
field international trade
textile industry
hasEffect distorted patterns of global textile and clothing production
provided protection to textile and clothing producers in developed countries
restricted market access for developing-country textile and clothing exports
hasImpactOn employment in textile and clothing sectors worldwide
industrialization strategies of exporting developing countries
hasPurpose to control rapid growth of textile and clothing exports from developing countries
to manage and restrict textile and clothing imports into developed countries
to protect domestic textile and clothing industries in developed countries
inForceIn 20th century
early 21st century
legalBasis series of bilateral agreements under the GATT framework
negotiatedUnder General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
partOf post-war international trade regime for textiles
phasedOutUnder Agreement on Textiles and Clothing
World Trade Organization
phaseOutEndTime 1 January 2005
phaseOutStartTime 1995
regulates bilateral quotas on textile and clothing trade
exports of clothing
exports of textiles
replaced Agreement on Textiles and Clothing
surface form: Arrangement Regarding International Trade in Textiles
replacedBy Agreement on Textiles and Clothing
surface form: WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing regime

full integration of textiles and clothing into GATT/WTO rules
startTime 1974
uses country- and product-specific quotas

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (4)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Agreement on Textiles and Clothing replaced Multi-Fibre Arrangement
Agreement on Textiles and Clothing predecessor Multi-Fibre Arrangement
ATC replaced Multi-Fibre Arrangement
subject surface form: Agreement on Textiles and Clothing
Multi-Fibre Arrangement quota system fullName Multi-Fibre Arrangement