I. A. Richards
E314223
I. A. Richards was a pioneering English literary critic and rhetorician whose work helped found the discipline of modern literary theory and practical criticism.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| I. A. Richards canonical | 7 |
| F. R. Leavis | 1 |
| Northrop Frye | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2968900 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: I. A. Richards Context triple: [C. K. Ogden, coAuthoredWith, I. A. Richards]
-
A.
C. K. Ogden
C. K. Ogden was a British linguist, philosopher, and writer best known for his work on the theory of language, including the development of Basic English and influential studies in semantics.
-
B.
John Crowe Ransom
John Crowe Ransom was an American poet, critic, and leading figure of the New Criticism movement, known for his influential essays on literary theory and his role in shaping 20th-century literary studies.
-
C.
Susanne Langer
Susanne Langer was an American philosopher best known for her work on the philosophy of art, symbolism, and the nature of human understanding.
-
D.
H. P. Grice
H. P. Grice was a British philosopher of language best known for his theory of conversational implicature and influential work on meaning and communication.
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E.
Irving Babbitt
Irving Babbitt was an American literary critic and humanist whose advocacy of classical restraint, moral realism, and the "New Humanism" movement deeply shaped 20th-century conservative thought.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: I. A. Richards Target entity description: I. A. Richards was a pioneering English literary critic and rhetorician whose work helped found the discipline of modern literary theory and practical criticism.
-
A.
C. K. Ogden
C. K. Ogden was a British linguist, philosopher, and writer best known for his work on the theory of language, including the development of Basic English and influential studies in semantics.
-
B.
John Crowe Ransom
John Crowe Ransom was an American poet, critic, and leading figure of the New Criticism movement, known for his influential essays on literary theory and his role in shaping 20th-century literary studies.
-
C.
Susanne Langer
Susanne Langer was an American philosopher best known for her work on the philosophy of art, symbolism, and the nature of human understanding.
-
D.
H. P. Grice
H. P. Grice was a British philosopher of language best known for his theory of conversational implicature and influential work on meaning and communication.
-
E.
Irving Babbitt
Irving Babbitt was an American literary critic and humanist whose advocacy of classical restraint, moral realism, and the "New Humanism" movement deeply shaped 20th-century conservative thought.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
academic
ⓘ
author ⓘ literary critic ⓘ poet ⓘ rhetorician ⓘ translator ⓘ |
| almaMater | Magdalene College, Cambridge NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| birthDate | 1893-02-26 ⓘ |
| birthPlace |
Sandbach
ⓘ
surface form:
Sandbach, Cheshire, England
|
| coAuthor | C. K. Ogden ⓘ |
| coAuthoredWork | The Meaning of Meaning ⓘ |
| countryOfCitizenship | United Kingdom ⓘ |
| deathDate | 1979-09-07 ⓘ |
| developed | methods of practical criticism using anonymous texts ⓘ |
| educatedAt | Clifton College ⓘ |
| employer |
Harvard University
ⓘ
Cambridge University ⓘ
surface form:
University of Cambridge
|
| familyName | Richards ⓘ |
| fieldOfWork |
education
ⓘ
literary criticism ⓘ literary theory ⓘ rhetoric ⓘ semantics ⓘ |
| fullName |
C. K. Ogden
ⓘ
surface form:
Ivor Armstrong Richards
|
| givenName | Ivor ⓘ |
| influenced |
New Criticism
ⓘ
surface form:
American New Critics
Cleanth Brooks ⓘ F. R. Leavis ⓘ New Criticism ⓘ William Empson ⓘ |
| influencedBy |
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
ⓘ
philosophy of language ⓘ |
| knownFor |
New Criticism influence
ⓘ
developing practical criticism ⓘ founding modern literary theory ⓘ theory of meaning in language ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| nationality | English ⓘ |
| notableWork |
Coleridge on Imagination
ⓘ
Practical Criticism ⓘ Practical Criticism ⓘ
surface form:
Principles of Literary Criticism
The Meaning of Meaning ⓘ The Philosophy of Rhetoric ⓘ |
| occupation |
professor
ⓘ
university lecturer ⓘ |
| positionHeld |
lecturer in English at Cambridge
ⓘ
professor of English at Harvard University ⓘ |
| theorized |
close reading as a method of criticism
ⓘ
context theory of meaning ⓘ distinction between sense and meaning ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: I. A. Richards Description of subject: I. A. Richards was a pioneering English literary critic and rhetorician whose work helped found the discipline of modern literary theory and practical criticism.
Referenced by (9)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Northrop Frye
this entity surface form:
F. R. Leavis