Paul Greengard
E300595
Paul Greengard was an American neuroscientist and Nobel Prize laureate renowned for his pioneering research on how neurons communicate via chemical signals in the brain.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Paul Greengard canonical | 6 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2825235 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Paul Greengard Context triple: [Yale School of Medicine, hasNotableAlumni, Paul Greengard]
-
A.
Fred Gage
Fred Gage is an American neuroscientist renowned for his pioneering work demonstrating that the adult human brain can generate new neurons, fundamentally reshaping understanding of brain plasticity.
-
B.
Ann Graybiel
Ann Graybiel is a renowned neuroscientist known for her pioneering research on the basal ganglia and its role in habit formation and movement control.
-
C.
Richard Axel
Richard Axel is an American neuroscientist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work on the molecular biology of the sense of smell.
-
D.
Thomas Südhof
Thomas Südhof is a German-American neuroscientist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work on the molecular mechanisms of synaptic transmission.
-
E.
Jeffry M. Picower
Jeffry M. Picower was an American investor and philanthropist best known for his major financial support of neuroscience research and for his controversial involvement in the Bernie Madoff Ponzi scheme.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Paul Greengard Target entity description: Paul Greengard was an American neuroscientist and Nobel Prize laureate renowned for his pioneering research on how neurons communicate via chemical signals in the brain.
-
A.
Fred Gage
Fred Gage is an American neuroscientist renowned for his pioneering work demonstrating that the adult human brain can generate new neurons, fundamentally reshaping understanding of brain plasticity.
-
B.
Ann Graybiel
Ann Graybiel is a renowned neuroscientist known for her pioneering research on the basal ganglia and its role in habit formation and movement control.
-
C.
Richard Axel
Richard Axel is an American neuroscientist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work on the molecular biology of the sense of smell.
-
D.
Thomas Südhof
Thomas Südhof is a German-American neuroscientist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work on the molecular mechanisms of synaptic transmission.
-
E.
Jeffry M. Picower
Jeffry M. Picower was an American investor and philanthropist best known for his major financial support of neuroscience research and for his controversial involvement in the Bernie Madoff Ponzi scheme.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Nobel laureate
ⓘ
human ⓘ neuroscientist ⓘ |
| academicDegree | PhD in biophysics ⓘ |
| awardReceived |
Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
ⓘ
Gairdner Foundation International Award ⓘ Kavli Prize ⓘ
surface form:
Kavli Prize in Neuroscience
National Medal of Science ⓘ Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ⓘ |
| countryOfCitizenship | United States of America ⓘ |
| dateOfBirth | 1925-12-11 ⓘ |
| dateOfDeath | 2019-04-13 ⓘ |
| educatedAt |
Hamilton College
ⓘ
Johns Hopkins University ⓘ |
| employer | Rockefeller University ⓘ |
| ethnicGroup | Jewish American ⓘ |
| familyName | Greengard ⓘ |
| fieldOfWork |
cell signaling
ⓘ
neuroscience ⓘ synaptic transmission ⓘ |
| founded |
Pearl Meister Greengard Prize
ⓘ
surface form:
Greengard Prize for women in biomedical science
|
| fullName | Paul Greengard self-link ⓘ |
| givenName | Paul ⓘ |
| influenced | modern molecular neuroscience ⓘ |
| knownFor |
elucidating the role of protein phosphorylation in synaptic plasticity
ⓘ
pioneering work on slow synaptic transmission ⓘ |
| languageSpoken | English ⓘ |
| memberOf |
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
ⓘ
National Academy of Sciences ⓘ
surface form:
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|
| NobelPrizeCategory | Physiology or Medicine ⓘ |
| NobelPrizeYear | 2000 ⓘ |
| notableFor |
discoveries concerning the molecular and cellular mechanisms of synaptic transmission
ⓘ
research on signal transduction in the nervous system ⓘ |
| notableStudent | many trainees in molecular and cellular neuroscience ⓘ |
| occupation |
biochemist
ⓘ
neuroscientist ⓘ university teacher ⓘ |
| placeOfBirth | New York City ⓘ |
| placeOfDeath | New York City ⓘ |
| positionHeld | Vincent Astor Professor at Rockefeller University ⓘ |
| researchFocus |
dopamine signaling pathways
ⓘ
protein phosphorylation in neurons ⓘ second messenger systems in the brain ⓘ |
| sexOrGender | male ⓘ |
| sharedNobelPrizeWith |
Arvid Carlsson
ⓘ
Eric R. Kandel ⓘ |
| spouse | Ursula von Rydingsvard ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Paul Greengard Description of subject: Paul Greengard was an American neuroscientist and Nobel Prize laureate renowned for his pioneering research on how neurons communicate via chemical signals in the brain.
Referenced by (6)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.