Ohm's law for AC

E296670

Ohm's law for AC is the extension of Ohm’s law to alternating current circuits, relating voltage, current, and impedance (including resistance, inductive reactance, and capacitive reactance) using complex numbers and phasors.

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Ohm's law for AC canonical 1

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Predicate Object
instanceOf AC circuit law
electrical law
appliesTo alternating current circuits
assumes linearity of circuit elements
sinusoidal steady-state conditions
time invariance of circuit parameters
componentForm X = X_L - X_C
X_C = 1 / (ωC)
X_L = ωL
Z = R + jX
contrastsWith Ohm's law for DC which uses only resistance
defines impedance as the ratio of voltage phasor to current phasor
distinguishes magnitude and phase of voltage and current
domain linear time-invariant AC circuits
enablesCalculationOf current from known voltage and impedance
impedance from measured voltage and current
voltage from known current and impedance
expressedAs I = V / Z
V = I Z
Z = V / I
field electrical engineering
electronics
power engineering
generalizes Ohm's law for DC
implies phase difference between voltage and current depends on impedance angle
relates current
impedance
voltage
relatesToComponent pure capacitor in AC has Z = 1 / (jωC)
pure inductor in AC has Z = jωL
pure resistor in AC has Z = R
relatesToQuantity rms current
rms voltage
typicalForm V̄ = Ī Z̄ (phasor notation)
usedIn AC network analysis
AC power analysis
filter design
impedance matching
phasor circuit analysis
usesMathematicalTool complex numbers
phasors
usesQuantity capacitive reactance
impedance magnitude
impedance phase angle
inductive reactance
reactance
resistance
validWhen frequency is constant

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Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.