Frohwerk
E269892
Frohwerk was a defendant in the 1919 U.S. Supreme Court case Frohwerk v. United States, which addressed criminal liability for anti-war publications under the Espionage Act during World War I.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Frohwerk canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2477924 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Frohwerk Context triple: [Frohwerk v. United States, petitioner, Frohwerk]
-
A.
Heurich
Heurich is a German surname most notably associated with Christian Heurich, a prominent brewer and businessman in Washington, D.C.
-
B.
Freyung
Freyung is a small town in southeastern Bavaria, Germany, known as a gateway to the Bavarian Forest region.
-
C.
Böhme
The Böhme is a river in Lower Saxony, Germany, known for flowing through the Lüneburg Heath region before joining the Aller.
-
D.
Wolthusen
Wolthusen is a district of the seaport city of Emden in Lower Saxony, Germany, known for its residential character and proximity to the Ems estuary.
-
E.
Gerswalde
Gerswalde is a small rural municipality in the Uckermark district of Brandenburg, northeastern Germany.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Frohwerk Target entity description: Frohwerk was a defendant in the 1919 U.S. Supreme Court case Frohwerk v. United States, which addressed criminal liability for anti-war publications under the Espionage Act during World War I.
-
A.
Heurich
Heurich is a German surname most notably associated with Christian Heurich, a prominent brewer and businessman in Washington, D.C.
-
B.
Freyung
Freyung is a small town in southeastern Bavaria, Germany, known as a gateway to the Bavarian Forest region.
-
C.
Böhme
The Böhme is a river in Lower Saxony, Germany, known for flowing through the Lüneburg Heath region before joining the Aller.
-
D.
Wolthusen
Wolthusen is a district of the seaport city of Emden in Lower Saxony, Germany, known for its residential character and proximity to the Ems estuary.
-
E.
Gerswalde
Gerswalde is a small rural municipality in the Uckermark district of Brandenburg, northeastern Germany.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (26)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | person ⓘ |
| activity | publishing articles critical of U.S. participation in World War I ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
World War I dissent
ⓘ
anti-war publications ⓘ |
| associatedWithPublication | Missouri Staats-Zeitung ⓘ |
| caseDecisionYear | 1919 ⓘ |
| caseOutcome | conviction affirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court ⓘ |
| chargedUnder |
Espionage Act of 1917
ⓘ
surface form:
Espionage Act
|
| convictedOf | violating the Espionage Act ⓘ |
| countryOfCitizenship |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| defendantIn | Frohwerk v. United States ⓘ |
| hasNotableCourtCase | Frohwerk v. United States ⓘ |
| jurisdictionOfCase | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| languageOfPublications | German ⓘ |
| legalIssue |
Espionage Act of 1917
ⓘ
criminal liability for anti-war publications ⓘ freedom of speech ⓘ |
| legalSignificance | case cited in discussions of limits on First Amendment protections during wartime ⓘ |
| notableFor | being a defendant in a landmark World War I free speech case ⓘ |
| occupation |
journalist
ⓘ
newspaper worker ⓘ |
| placeOfActivity |
Missouri
ⓘ
United States of America ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| representedBy | defense counsel in Frohwerk v. United States ⓘ |
| roleIn | Frohwerk v. United States ⓘ |
| timePeriod | World War I ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Frohwerk Description of subject: Frohwerk was a defendant in the 1919 U.S. Supreme Court case Frohwerk v. United States, which addressed criminal liability for anti-war publications under the Espionage Act during World War I.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.