papal bull Inter caetera

E26552

The papal bull Inter caetera was a 1493 decree by Pope Alexander VI that granted Spain rights to newly discovered lands west of a demarcation line in the Atlantic, profoundly shaping early European colonial claims in the Americas.

Aliases (1)

Statements (46)
Predicate Object
instanceOf papal bull
pontifical decree
addressedTo Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile
author Pope Alexander VI
category 1493 documents
Documents of the Catholic Church
History of colonization of the Americas
Papal bulls of Pope Alexander VI
concerns European colonization of the Americas
division of newly discovered lands outside Europe
dateIssued 1493-05-04
demarcationLineDirection north–south
demarcationLineDistanceFromAzoresOrCapeVerde 100 leagues west
effectOnIndigenousPeoples undermined indigenous sovereignty in European legal thought
established demarcation line in the Atlantic Ocean
followed Columbus’s first voyage to the Americas
geographicalScope Atlantic Ocean and lands westward toward the Indies
grantedRightsTo Crown of Castile
Spain
grantedToSpain rights to lands west of the demarcation line not already in Christian possession
hasConsequences Spanish claims over much of the Americas
rivalry and negotiations between Spain and Portugal
historicalImpact contributed to European imperial partition of the Atlantic world
shaped early Spanish colonial empire in the Americas
influenced Treaty of Tordesillas
issuedBy Catholic Church
Holy See
language Latin
laterSupersededInPracticeBy Treaty of Tordesillas demarcation line
legalDoctrineContext Doctrine of Discovery
legalStatusAtTime binding papal authorization for Catholic monarchs
limitedPortugalTo lands east of the demarcation line
moralCriticism criticized by later scholars and activists as legitimizing colonial dispossession
papacyOfAuthor Alexander VI papacy
partOf series of Alexander VI bulls on overseas expansion
placeOfIssue Rome
preservedIn Vatican Apostolic Archive
purpose to resolve competing claims of Spain and Portugal over newly discovered lands
recognized Portuguese rights in Africa and the East so far as not contrary to the bull
relatedDocument Dudum siquidem
Eximiae devotionis
relatedTo Treaty of Tordesillas
subjectMatter jurisdiction over non-Christian lands
theologicalJustification evangelization of non-Christian peoples
typeOfGrant exclusive rights of exploration and conquest
yearIssued 1493

Referenced by (1)
Subject (surface form when different) Predicate
Treaty of Tordesillas
replaced

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